问题 选择题

如图为南昌市城雕“鹅湖之会”,重现了朱熹与陆九渊辩论的场面。朱熹与陆九渊是中国封建社会后期两位重要的哲学思想家、文化教育家,前者集理学之大成,后者开心学之体系,由于二人成名于同一时期,且学术观点相异,故自鹅湖之会始,二人争论不休。那么他们最大的分歧是(  )

A.朱熹主张天理是万物的本原,陆九渊强调“心”是宇宙的本原

B.“天理”是不是“三纲五常”等伦理道德

C.是否为封建统治阶级服务

D.是否进行内心反省,以致良知

答案

答案:A

题目分析:本题实际是解答比较型选择题,一是注意题目的比较项,明确比较项要求,不能答非所问;二是注意题目比较的时空限制,防止出现张冠李戴现象。BC不对,这是两者的相似点,都强调以伦理道德维护统治;D不对,与A相比,A包容D项。因此A为最佳答案

点评:用表格法识记程朱理学和陆王心学的异同:

相同点:

1、内容:都是对儒学的新发展。

2、哲学范畴:都强调现有意识再有物质,都是唯心主义思想。

2、本质:都以纲常伦理约束社会、遏制人欲,维护专制统治。

不同点:

项目程朱理学陆王心学
世界本原理是外在的,独立于人而存在。理是内在的“心”。
哲学类别客观唯心主义主观唯心主义
认识方法格物致知内心反省
 

阅读理解

My sister and I are very different. When people meet us both, they are always surprised to learn that we are sisters. This is because we don’t look like each other, and we have different personalities(性格).

Are you similar to your brother or sister? My sister and I aren’t  similar to each other at all. I am tall, but she is very short. I have short dark brown hair and green eyes. She has long blond hair and blue eyes. I am strong, but she is not. I have big hands and feet; her feet and hands are very small. When we are kids, she was thin, but I was heavy. Now we’re both heavy.

We also have opposite personalities. She is always shy. I am more outgoing. She is very worried about what other people think and say about her, but I really don’t care. When she has a problem, she just worries about it, but when I have a problem, I try to fix it. She easily gets angry, especially with our mother. But I am more patient. 

小题1:When people meet the writer and her sister, they are always surprised to learn          

小题2:The writer and her sister are different in                     ways.

小题3:The writer’s sister has                      hair.

小题4:The writer’s sister is very worried about            about her.

小题5:Do the write and her sister have the same personalities?              

小题6:Find the topic sentence of the passage and copy it down. (找出文章的主题句并抄写下来)

小题7:Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. (将划线的句子翻译成中文)

小题8:The underlined word “heavy” in the passage means “                ”in English.

单项选择题 A1/A2型题