问题 计算题

太阳能热水器是直接利用太阳能给水加热的装置,下表是小明家的太阳能热水器某天在阳光照射下的相关信息

求:

(1)水在10h内吸收的热量;

(2)如果水吸收的热量用天然气来提供,需要完全燃烧多少m3的天然气;(天然气的热值为8.4×107J/m3,天然气完全燃烧放出的热量全部给水吸收)

(3)该太阳能热水器的能量转化效率.

答案

解:

(1)水吸收的热量(有用能量):Q=cm△t=4.2×103J/(kg·℃)×100kg×50℃=2.1×107J;

(2)由题知,Q=vq=Q=2.1×107J,

需要天然气的体积:v===0.25m3

(3)10h太阳能热水器吸收的太阳能(总能量):Q=1.68×106J×2.5×10=4.2×107J,

η=×100%=×100%=50%.

阅读理解

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第二部分:阅读理解(共25小题,每题2分,满分50分)

第一节选择题(共20小题,每题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

Getting around in Canada is fairly easy. Most cities have urban transportation systems, including buses, streetcars, and trains, and some of the larger cities also have subways. You can board these systems at regular stops along their routes. Some let you pay with cash while others require tickets. If you don’t have a ticket for the bus, you must pay with the correct amount of money. This is because the driver does not carry any change. If you plan to stay in a city for a long time, you may want to buy a monthly pass or a package of tickets to save money. You can buy subway tickets at any subway station.

If you have to take several buses or subways for a single trip, you do not need to pay money each time. Simply ask the driver for a transfer (换乘) ticket, or take one from the machines on the subway platform.

If you are not sure where to board the bus or the streetcar, just ask someone or follow the crowd. People can usually only board at the front of the bus where you show your pass to the driver. When using public transportation, Canadians line up. First come, first serve, is a common approach to many activities in Canada, and it is considered to be extremely rude to cut in any line.

Maps of routes and schedules are usually available from the public transit (运输) company in your area, and there is also a telephone information line. You may ask someone for the name of the transit company in your area, and then look it up in the telephone book.

46. What is this passage mainly about?

A. How to use public transportation in Canada.

B. How to save money when traveling.

C. Where to find subways in larger cities.

D. How public transit companies work.

47. If you pay the bus fare in cash, _____.

A. you may be given some change

B. you can exchange money with the driver

C. it might cost you a little more

D. you must have the exact amount of money

48. By buying a monthly pass or a package of tickets, you can ______.

A. take a bus whenever you want      B. go wherever you like

C. save money                     D. find comfortable seats

49. If you have to change subway lines on a single trip, _____.

A. you have to pay each time

B. you should buy another ticket from the machine

C. you must ask for the driver’s permission

D. you just need to pay once

选择题