问题 阅读理解

阅读理解

     A lot of people are their own enemies. They regard themselves as unlikely to succeed in college and

often feel that there have been no accomplishments (成就) in their lives. In my first year of college

especially, I saw people get themselves down too quickly. There were two students in my class who failed the first test and seemed to give up immediately. From that day on, they walked into the classroom carrying defeat on their shoulders the way other students carried textbooks under their arms. When they

disappeared for good(长久地), no one took much notice, for they had already disappeared in spirit after

that first test.

     I have really wanted to shake them by the shoulders and say: "You are not dead. Be proud and pleased that you have brought yourself here to college. Breathe. Hope. Act." Such people should not use

self-doubts as an excuse for not trying. They should pull themselves together and get to work. They should start taking notes in class and trying to learn. Above all, they should not give up without even trying.

1. The phrase "get themselves down" (Para. 1) probably means ______.

A. tell lies  

B. lose confidence    

C. avoid dangers    

D. waste time

2. When the two students dropped out (退学), no one took much notice because ______.

A. they had long lost heart in class performance

B. they were absent from class too often

C. they didn't get on well with other students

D. they were so much cut off from the rest of the class

3. According to the passage, the two students failed in their study because of their ______.

A. shyness    

B. proudness    

C. self-doubt    

D. laziness

4. The author thinks that the two students should ______.

A. give up their college education        

B. learn from other students

C. feel happy because they are in college      

D. try hard before giving up

答案

1-4 BACD

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,完成问题。

地震与海啸的关系

  ①2011年3月11日下午日本东北地区发生强烈地震后,印尼气象部门随即发出海啸警报,中国国家海洋预报台也表示,这次地震可能会在震中周围数百公里范围内引发区域海啸。历史上环太平洋地区的大地震往往都能引发大小不一的海啸。因此每当这个地区出现地震时,各国气象部门都会对海面情况进行严密监测,以确定是否发布海啸警报。但地震是否一定引起海啸?地震震级越高海啸的破坏力也越大吗?

  ②海啸是一种具有极强破坏力的海浪。海水剧烈的起伏形成强大的波浪,向前推进。有时浪高可达数十米。这种“水墙”内含极大能量,它以极快的速度运动,冲上陆地后会造成巨大破坏。1960年智利大海啸形成的波涛,就冲击了整个太平洋。海啸通常由风暴潮、火山喷发、水下坍塌滑坡和海底地震等引发。其中,海底地震是海啸发生的最主要原因,历史记录显示,特大海啸基本上都是海底地震所引起的。

  ③大多数海底地震发生在太平洋边缘地带,称为“亚延地带”。海底地震发生后,使边缘地带出现裂缝。这时部分海底会突然上升或下降。海水会发生严重颠簸,犹如往水中抛入一块石头一样会产生“圆形波纹”,故而引发海啸。

  ④此外,地震海啸的产生还会受海底地震震源断层、震源区水深条件、震级、震源深度等条件影响。比如,震源位于深水区比浅水区更易产生海啸。当震源断层表现为错动时,不会产生海啸,而如果震源断层表现为倾滑,就可能引起海啸。

  ⑤不过,海底地震未必一定就会引发大海啸。中国地震局提供的统计资料显示,在1.5万次海底构造地震中,大约只有100次引起海啸。一些专家则认为,引发海啸的地震震级一般在里氏6.5级以上,震源深度在25公里以内。

  ⑥但即便是强烈地震也不一定就会导致海啸。如2005年印尼苏门答腊岛附近海域发生8.5级强烈地震,就没有引发大海啸。专家解释说,这是因为此次地震的震源比较深,所以虽然震级很强,但海底地表上下错动幅度可能也比较小,因此没有形成海啸。

  ⑦除了与地震震级等相关外,部分专家还表示,海啸的发生与全球气候变化也有关系。2004年的南亚大海啸发生后,中国国家气候中心有关专家进行相关分析后指出,这场由海底地震引起的大海啸与全球气候变化导致的海平面上升等因素密切相关。

1.选方第①段文字在文中的作用是什么?

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2.请根据选文第②段内容,简要概括什么是“海啸”?

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3.选文第⑤段“中国地震局提供的统计资料显示,在1.5万次海底构造地震中,大约只有100次引起海啸。”句中划线词语“大约”能否删去?为什么?

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4.选文第⑥段中画线句使用的说明方法是哪两种?有什么作用?

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5.结合全文内容,简要归纳引起海啸发生的因素。

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判断题