问题 问答题

(14分)用氮化硅陶瓷代替金属制造发动机的耐热部件,能大幅度提高发动机的热效率。工业上用化学气相沉积法制备氮化硅,其反应如下:3SiCl4(g)+2N2(g)+6H2(g)Si3N4(s)+12HCl(g),在温度T0下的2 L密闭容器中,加入0.30 mol SiC14, 0.20 mol N2. 0.36 mol H2进行上述反应,2min后达到平衡,测得固体的质量增加了2.80 g

(1) SiCl4的平均反应速率为___

(2)平衡后,若改变温度,混合气体的平均相对分子质量与温度的关系如图所示,下列说法正确的是

A.该反应在任何温度下可自发进行

B.若混合气体的总质量不变,表明上述反应己达到平衡状态

C.其他条件不变,增大Si3N4的物质的量,平衡向左移动

D.按3:2:6的物质的量比增加反应物,SiC14(g)的转化率降低(3)下表为不同温度下该反应的平衡常数,其他条件相同时,在___(填"T1”、“T2”.,“T3”)温度下反应达到平衡所需时间最长:

假设温度为T1时向该反应容器中同时加入。(SiC14) =0.3 mol/L,c(H2) =0.3 mol/L,,c(N2) =

x mol/L, c (HCl) =0.3 mol/L和足量Si3N4 (s),若要使平衡建立的过程中HCl浓度减小,x的取值

范围为___

(4)该反应的原子利用率为____

(5)工业上制备SiCl4的反应过程如下:

写出二氧化硅、焦炭与Cl 2在高温下反应生成气态SiC14和一氧化碳的热化学方程式_____

答案

(14分)

(1)0.015mol/(L•min)(2分) (2)AB(2分)

(3)T3(2分)  0 ≤ x < 0.15(3分) (4)24.22%(2分)

(5)SiO2(s)+2C(s)+2Cl2(g)=SiCl4(g)+2CO(g) ∆H=(a+b-c)kJ•mol‾1(3分)

题目分析:(1)反应生成的n(Si3N4)=2.8g÷140g/mol=0.02mol,则反应的SiCl4为:n(SiCl4)=3n(Si3N4)=3×0.02mol=0.06mol,则v(Si3N4)=0.06mol÷2L÷2min=0.015mol/(L•min)。

(2)正反应方向,气体的物质的量增大,气体的质量减小,根据图像可知温度升高,混合气体的平均相对分子质量增大,所以升温平衡向逆反应方向移动移动,则该反应为放热反应。A、因为该反应∆H <0,∆S>0,所以∆H‾—T∆S恒小于0,在任何温度下可自发进行,正确;B、因为Si3N4为固体,反应前后气体的质量不相等,所以若混合气体的总质量不变,表明反应己达到平衡状态,正确;C、因为Si3N4为固体,所以其他条件不变,增大Si3N4的物质的量,对平衡无影响,错误;D、按3:2:6的物质的量比增加反应物,H2的体积分数增大,所以SiC14(g)的转化率增大,错误。

(3)该反应为放热反应,随着温度升高,平衡常数减小,所以T3温度最低,反应速率最小,达到平衡所需时间最长;当反应恰好达到平衡时,根据平衡常数可得:0.312÷(0.33×0.36×x2)=1.2,解得x=0.15mol,要使平衡建立的过程中HCl浓度减小,反应向左进行,所以0 ≤ x < 0.15

(4)根据化学方程式,原子的利用率=140÷(140+12×36.5)×100%=24.22%

(5)首先写出化学方程式并注明状态:SiO2(s)+2C(s)+2Cl2(g)=SiCl4(g)+2CO(g),然后根据盖斯定律求算焓变,该反应可由已知的3个反应经① + ②—③求得,所以∆H=(a+b-c)kJ•mol‾1,进而可写成化学方程式。

多项选择题
完形填空
Even though it was only October, my students were already whispering about Christmas plans.With each passing day everyone became more ____ waiting for the final school bell.Upon its ____ everyone would run for their coats and go home, everyone except David.
David was a small boy in ragged clothes.I had often ____ what kind of home life David had, and what kind of mother could send her son to school dressed so ____ for the cold winter months, without a coat, boots, or gloves.But something made David ____.I can still remember he was always ____ a smile and willing to help.He always ____ after school to straighten chairs and mop the floor.We never talked much.He ____ just simply smile and ask what else he could do, then thank me for letting him stay and slowly ____ home.
Weeks passed and the ____ over the coming Christmas grew into restlessness until the last day of ____ before the holiday break.I smiled in ___ as the last of them hurried out the door.Turning around I saw David ____ standing by my desk.
“I have something for you,” he said and ____ from behind his back a small box.____ it to me, he said anxiously, “Open it.” I took the box from him, thanked him and slowly unwrapped it.I lifted the lid and to my ____ saw nothing.I looked at David’s smiling face and back into the box and said, “The box is nice, David, but it’s ____.”
“Oh no it isn’t,” said David.“It’s full of love.My mum told me before she died that love was something you couldn’t see or touch unless you know it’s there.”
Tears filled my eyes ____ I looked at the proud dirty face that I had rarely given ____ to.After that Christmas, David and I became good friends and I never forgot the meaning ___ the little empty box set on my desk.
小题1:
A.anxiousB.courageousC.seriousD.cautious
小题2:
A.warningB.ringingC.callingD.yelling
小题3:
A.scolded B.wonderedC.realizedD.learned
小题4:
A.modestlyB.naturallyC.inaccuratelyD.inappropriately
小题5:
A.popularB.upsetC.specialD.funny
小题6:
A.expressingB.deliveringC.wearingD.sharing
小题7:
A.practicedB.wanderedC.studiedD.stayed
小题8:
A.wouldB.shouldC.mightD.could
小题9:
A.aim atB.turn toC.put offD.head for
小题10:
A.argumentB.excitement C.movementD.judgment
小题11:
A.schoolB.yearC.educationD.program
小题12:
A.reliefB.returnC.vainD.control
小题13:
A.weaklyB.sadlyC.quietlyD.helplessly
小题14:
A.searchedB.foundC.raisedD.pulled
小题15:
A.HoldingB.HandingC.SendingD.Leaving
小题16:
A.delightB.expectationC.appreciationD.surprise
小题17:
A.cheapB.emptyC.uselessD.improper
小题18:
A.asB.untilC.becauseD.though
小题19:
A.adviceB.supportC.attentionD.command
小题20:
A.fromB.behindC.overD.towards