阅读理解。
A young man named Charles Lyell had different ideas. He
wrote a book about them called Principles of Geology. The earth,
according to Lyell, was not only thousands of years old, it was
millions of years old. As to (关于) the common belief that changes
in the earth's surface happen suddenly because of a single
earthquake or flood, he said that this might happen once in a
while, but usually these changes took place very slowly. He
believed that the surface of the earth had been changing from the
beginning of time. The changes, he said, were caused by the long-
term action of the winds and seas, and by forces such as volcanoes
breaking out under the earth's surface. Once in a great while he
thought, a mountain might appear for the first time after an
earthquake. But usually mountains would rise slowly and steadily.
Professor Henslow was interested in Lyell's ideas, but he did
not actually believe them. Charles Darwin could not make up his
mind about them. But they set him thinking along lines which would
later change the beliefs of thoughtful people all over the world.
At Cambridge ,Charles Darwin studied just enough to pass the
examination, and received his college degree in 1831. During this
time, he had become more and more interested in geology. At the
end of the school year, he went to North Wales with one of his
teachers to examine the rock formations (构成) and to search for
fossils (化石). Fossils are the remains of ancient living things.
They are usually found fixed in rocks in the earth's crust (地壳).
Fossils may be of animals, such as fish, insects, birds, or
humans. They may be of plants from tiny leaves to huge trees.
When a living creatures dies, it usually decays (腐烂) or is
eaten by animals. However, if it sinks into a riverbed or is quickly
covered by the blowing sands of a desert storm, the bones are kept
up in the earth. Over many years the soft inner parts of a bone
disappear, leaving the inside bellow. Water containing mineral
enters into the hollow. Slowly the mineral hardens and makes the
bone hard and heavy, like stone.
1. According to Charles Lyell, it is mainly _____ that theearth has been formed like today's shape.
A. from the beginning of time
B. past some experiences of big flood
C. over a very long period of years
D. because of several big earthquakes
2. Charles Lyell believed the fact that a mountain is formed _____.
A. more by seas than by volcanoes
B. more slowly than suddenly
C. more by an earthquake than by winds
D. more quickly than steadily
3. Unlike Professor Henslow, Charles Darwin ____ .
A. never thought Lyell's ideas were right
B. did made up his mind not to accept Lyell's ideas
C. thought about what the world was then
D. thought over Lyell's ideas and developed them
4.The main purpose of Darwin's going to North Wales was to ____.
A. make a study of fossils
B. appreciate the rock information
C. do research work into dead animals
D. look for plants from tiny leaves to huge trees
