问题 阅读理解

Did you know it takes 21 days to form a good habit? Research shows that when you “stick to something” for three weeks you are more likely to reach your goals. This is important for language learners or anyone who wants to make a change.

People who try something new often “fall off the wagon”. Whether it is a plan to lose weight or a decision to learn something, life often gets in the way. Those who make up their minds to learn English are more likely to succeed if they have a short-term goal at the beginning.

How to make learning English a habit:

Set a specific goal

Example: Break up the four main skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) and plan to do one hour of practice in each area at the same time every day.

Find a learning partner

Choose a friend to keep you moving towards your goal. Your friend doesn’t need to be a language learner. He can be someone who wants to start exercising. He can be someone who wants to write a novel. It is best if you both have a goal.

Write out how your life will change when you reach your goal

If I improve my English, I will be able to get a better job.

If I take the TOEFL test, I will be able to get into university.

If I improve my pronunciation, my customers will understand me.

Keep track of your progress

Keep track of your effort in a notebook or online list. Share your progress list with your partner.

When you reach 21 days, reward yourself! Go out for a dinner or a movie or buy yourself a treat. It will be easier to stay on your program now that you are in the habit. If you ever fall off again, put yourself back on the 21-day challenge.

65. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Life sometimes makes people give up their plans or decisions.

B. An English learner should find a language learner as a partner.

C. A long-term goal is of importance in forming a good habit.

D. It is necessary to spend an hour on each language skill every day.

66. Why does the author advise an English learner to reward himself when he reaches 21 days?

A. Because he should share his progress with his partner.

B. Because he has had a good knowledge of English.

C. Because he would put himself on another 21-day challenge.

D. Because he has formed a good habit of learning English.

67. The best title of the passage would be “________”.

A. Taking 21 days to form a good habit

B. A research on learning English

C. Make learning English a habit

D. Setting a goal in life

答案

65---67   ADC  

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成问题。

“敬”的当代价值

  对于孔子思想的认识,学界一般以“礼”和“仁”为核心,认为孔子继承了周礼,发展出“仁”的思想,因而着重探讨两者的关系及其当代性意义。其实,在“礼”和“仁”之中还有更本质性的精神内涵,这种精神内涵可以用“敬”来概括。

  礼最早是祭祀天地神灵的仪式活动。在那些高高在上的“天”“神”面前,人自然产生敬畏的心理。其中的敬,出于内心的崇拜仰慕,而畏则是害怕受到惩罚。最早的礼活动即内含着这种敬畏的心情。

  礼由祭祀的仪式活动发展为社会政治活动的规范形式时,“敬”作为内质也留存下来。这种“敬”保障了礼的实践可能性,而且其发自内心,也即出于天赋,由“敬”而发的礼活动也就合乎天理,具有道德价值。因此在国家政治活动中要求“敬”,社会的一切活动和个人的修养也以“敬”为内核。    

  孔子继承“礼”的同时,自然吸纳了“敬”的精神。在《论语》中,“敬”出现21次,频率颇高。这些关于“敬”的阐述,有继承,也有发展。关于祭祀活动,孔子继承了上古对“天”和“神”的敬仰态度,强调“祭如在,祭神如神在”,“祭思敬”。即使“敬鬼神而远之”一语,强调实践理性的重要性,也告诫对于鬼神要有敬畏的心态。关于政治活动,孔子也承传了西周以来的敬谨精神,故而回答鲁哀公说:“治礼,敬为大。”孔子对于“敬”的发展,在于把它扩展为普通人对待物事的敬业精神。“敬”原本主要表现在人对神、臣民对君王等下对上的关系上,孔子以后则成为所有社会成员为人做事的基本原则。《论语》出现的21次“敬”中,关于敬事的即有18次。而且,由“礼”中发展出来的“仁”也以“敬”为本。一般认为,“仁”是“礼”的内核,“礼”是“仁”的形式,故而许多学人着重以“仁”为核心建构孔子的思想体系。其实,“仁”之中也必有“敬”的精神。没有发自内心的“敬”,也就没有真切的仁爱之情。  

  这种“敬”的思想较之“礼”和“仁”更是人类社会的本质需要,具有当代意义。“礼”和“仁”的思想建立在小农业文明的基础上。小农业社会的基本单位是家庭,国家不过是一个家族对其他家族的统治,个人也只是家庭成员,而家庭主要由血缘关系构成。当代社会,已经走出了小农业文明时代,家庭在社会结构中的作用也越来越式微。而由于“仁”的观念是基于血缘关系之上的,有着疏近等差的特性,因而在现代社会中就会带有一定的局限性。与此不同,“敬”是人类在远古时期就普遍存在的精神状态,是人作为有限性的个体,面对无限的自然和社会时必然产生的。从远古主要对于自然的敬畏,到殷周以后更多对于社会中年长者、位尊者的敬重,再到孔子普遍要求的为人行事的敬业,“敬”的外延在扩大,而所抽象的内涵一直延伸着。  (选自《光明日报》2009年10月20日,有删改)

1.下列选项中关于“敬”的解说,不正确的一项是( )

A.“敬”最早源于我国远古时期祭祀天地神灵的仪式活动。

B.“敬”以其发自内心、出于天赋的特性而成为一切社会活动和个人修养的“内核”。

C.“敬”作为人类普遍存在的精神状态,它的产生和发展体现了历史的必然性。

D.“敬”是人作为有限性的个体在面对无限的自然和社会时必然产生的一种精神状态。

2.下列选项对“仁”“礼”“敬”之间关系的解释不正确的一项是( )

A.“礼”和“仁”都以“敬”为本,“敬”保障了“礼”和“仁”的发展可能。

B.孔子继承周礼的同时,自然吸纳了“敬”的精神,并从“礼”中发展出了“仁”。

C.比起“礼”和“仁”来,“敬”的思想更能代表孔子的思想,更符合人类社会的本质需要。

D.“仁”是“礼”的内核,“礼”是“仁”的形式,二者之中都有“敬”的精神内涵。

3.下列表述符合原文意思的一项是( )

A.“敬”保障了“礼”的实践可能性,因此使“礼”由祭祀活动发展为社会政治活动的规范形式。

B.孔子对于“敬”的贡献,在于把它发展成为诸如敬重年老位尊者等为人行事的基本原则。

C.在家庭作用愈加式微、血缘关系愈加淡薄的现代社会中,“仁”的局限性越来越大。

D.深入认识“敬”的精神,有助于更准确地领会孔子思想中“礼”和“仁”的内涵。

多项选择题