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问题 单项选择题

根据《维也纳外交关系公约》和《维也纳领事关系公约》的规定，下列关于外交关系与领事关系的表述哪项是正确的？（）

A.两国建交，领事关系亦相应建立，不须另有协议

B.两国建立领事关系也就意味着建立了正式的外交关系

C.外交关系断绝即意味着断绝领事关系

D.除另有声明，两国建交即意味着两国同意建立领事关系

答案

参考答案：D

解析：本题考查国际法--外交关系法与领事关系法。根据《维也纳外交关系公约》和《维也纳领事关系公约》的规定，两国建立外交关系，除非有特别声明，即意味着同意建立领事关系；两国如果断绝外交关系，并不当然地断绝领事关系。正确答案是D。

单项选择题 B型题

血Na+浓度降低所致分泌增加的物质是（）.

A．肾素 

B．醛同酮 

C．肾上腺素 

D．抗利尿激素 

E．血管紧张素Ⅱ
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问答题

Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain’s physical deterioration.
(46) is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.
"That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit.
(47) However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down..
The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare.
(48) Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women aged 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.
"Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting in adulthood."
There is, however, a "remarkable range" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain tissue loss throughout adulthood.
In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.
(49) Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage.
Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain. Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown.
(50) In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.
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