问题 选择题

“鹅湖之会”是指南宋淳熙二年(1175年)在江西信州鹅湖寺举行的一次著名的哲学辩论会,朱熹“理学”和陆九渊“心学”双方就各自的哲学观点展开了激烈的辩论。下述不可能是朱熹言论的是              

A.“宇宙之间一理而已”

B.“穷天理,明人伦,讲圣言,通事故”

C.“柳院竹斋茅店,云芜风树烟溪。听彻残阳晓月,不论巴蜀东西。”

D.“自修则人不得以非理相加”

答案

C

题目分析:ABD都出自朱熹,AB体现了“理”的观点,D是指以君子的言行约束自己,强调道德规范;C表述错误,出自陆九渊《子规》,强调内心的作用。

点评:否定型选择题即要求选出不符合史实和历史逻辑关系的选项,也称为逆向选择题。此种题型也是多项选择题的变异,即在试题中有三个备选项是符合史实和历史逻辑关系的,试题就要求将另一个不符合的选出来。该题型结构特点是在题干中有"不是""不正确""不包括""错误的""无关的""不属于"等提示语。

填空题

Some consumer researchers distinguish_____(1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality"_____(2) the traditional economic sense that assumes_____(3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives_____(4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). _____(5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based_____(6) totally objective criteria, such_____(7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods____(8) to personal or subjective criteria — the desire_____(9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.The assumption underlying this distinction is____(10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. _____ (11), it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, ____(12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based_____(13) the individual’’s own needs as_____(14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear_____(15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational ______(16) the context of the consumer’’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. ____(17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it_____ (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it._____(19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.Some researchers go so far_____(20) to suggest that emphasis_____ (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that con sumers act consciously____(22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not____(23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences,____(24) what they perceive to be_____(25) their own best interests.

选择题