问题 选择题

关于朱熹“事事物物皆有定理”的命题与王守仁“心即是理”思想的差别,王守仁说:“事事物物上求至善,却是外义也。至善者心之本体也。”这表明王守仁认为

A.朱熹所说的“定理”不是“至善”的“义”

B.至善作为道德原理可能存在于外部事物

C.事物的道德秩序只是来自行动者赋予它的道德法则

D.道德法则是纯粹外在的

答案

答案:C

题目分析:从材料“事事物物上求至善,却是外义也。至善者心之本体也”可以看出,王守仁认为至善在于人的心中,是有个人决定的。故选C。A项错误,朱熹和王守仁的区别在于方法论上,在世界观上二者是相同的;B项是朱熹的观点;D项是迷惑项,无意义。

点评:宋明理学是儒家学说在宋明时期的新发展。主张理是世界的本源,体现在人身上是要求人们遵循儒家伦理道德,方法论上强调格物致知或者发明本心致良知,包括程朱理学和陆王心学两大派。宋明理学的影响也需要掌握。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     My daughter Kelsey was born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫). Because of her cerebral palsy, Kelsey has very

little use of the fingers on her left hand. When she was four, she wanted to learn to tie her shoes just as her

best friend had done. I didn't know what to do. If I couldn't tie a shoe single-handedly, how was I going to

teach her? However, after three and a half years of practice, Kelsey finally did it!

     When she was six, she wanted to take ballet lessons. I'm embarrassed to admit how much this frightened

me. I wasn't just afraid for her body, but for her feelings. I worried about the teasing she might get from the

rest of the dance class. But I didn't know how to tell Kelsey all of this, and she wouldn't let up, so I enrolled

her in a ballet school.

     Kelsey danced with abandon, completely unaffected by what she couldn't do. The joy of dancing was

enough. Every person who saw Kelsey dance came away with something special. She danced for four years.

When she quit, it was only to announce that she wanted to take horseback riding lessons instead.

     In fifth grade, Kelsey excitedly brought home a registration from for school basketball. Now this was

going to be a major challenge for her. She could run only slowly, she's short, and she still had the use of only

one hand. Warning bells were off inside my head again, but I had learned to ignore them. The excitement in

her eyes cancelled out all the drawbacks (缺陷), and we signed her up.

     After the first practice the coach said that he was afraid to let her play in a game. When he explained how

she might get hurt, I could see scenes lawsuits (官司) dancing in his head. But every child who plays sports

takes risks, I reasoned with him. After a few discussions and a little more encouragement, he decided to let

her play.

     For two years, Kelsey played harder than any girl in the league. And while she never made a basket during

a game, she brought other gifts that were more valuable to her teammates. In two years, I never once saw a

player treat her as anything other than treasures.

1. Kelsey stopped dancing because _____.

A. her mother didn't support her

B. she wanted to learn horse riding

C. her health condition wasn't suitable to dance

D. she couldn't bear the teasing from her classmates

2. The author says "I had learned to ignore them" (in Para. 4) because she _____.

A. was capable of dealing with. any incident

B. was able to take good care of her daughter

C. was confident in her daughter's health condition

D. was sure her daughter could overcome all the obstacles  

3. During the stay in the basketball league, Kelsey _____.

A. often sent her teammates gifts

B. was treated as a great inspiration to the league

C. was often looked down upon by her teammates

D. often made her coach worry about a possible lawsuit

4. What is the theme of the story?

A. Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.

B. Activities provide happiness for the disabled.

C. Nothing is difficult if you set your mind to it.

D. Exercises are vital for the recovery of patients.

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