问题 计算题

(15分)如图甲所示,物体A、B的质量分别是mA=4.0㎏和mB=3.0㎏,用轻弹簧相连放在光滑水平面上,物体B右侧与竖直墙相接触。另有一物体C从t=0时以一定速度向右运动,在t=4时与物体A相碰,并立即与A粘在一起不再分开。物块C的v-t图像如图乙所示。求:

(1)物块C的质量mc

(2)墙壁对物块B的弹力在4s到8s的时间内对B做的功W及在4s到12s的时间内对B的冲量I的大小和方向;

(3)B离开墙后弹簧具有的最大弹性势能EP.

答案

(1)(2),方向向右(3)

(15分)

解:(1)由图可知,碰前速度为,碰后速度为

碰撞过程动量守恒。

 ---------------------------(2分)       

代入已知条件得---------------------------(1分)

(2)墙对物体不做功,。---------------------------(2分)

由图可知,的速度为

到12s,墙对的冲量为

,---------------------------(2分)

代入已知条件得,方向向右。---------------------------(1分)

(3)12s末离开墙壁,之后及弹簧组成的系统动量和机械能守恒,且当速度相等时弹簧性势能最大。

由动量守恒和能能定理可知

---------------------------(3分)

---------------------------(3分)

解得 ----------------------------------(1分)

本题考查的是动量守恒和动能定理的应用问题。首先根据系统动量守恒可得C的质量;然后根据动量定理计算出冲量;最后根据动量守恒和机械能守恒计算出势能;

阅读理解

Koeler took special notice of the tall woman who was nicely dressed, but she was wearing ugly, thick-soled(厚底) shoes.

  Now the woman was taken to a room for questioning. There it was found that the soles of the shoes were hollow(中空的). They were opened. Some diamonds fell out on the floor. Their total weight was 3377 carats(克拉).

  The young woman broke down in tears. Then she told her story. For years she had dreamed of coming to live in America, she said. At last she had managed to get the papers she needed to come to the U.S. Then a strange man called on her. He said he would pay for her trip and give her one hundred dollars. All she had to do was to smuggle the diamonds past the U.S. Customs. The man gave her the shoes and also bought her a plane ticket. Just before she got on the plane, he gave her an envelope. He said that it was the hundred dollars he had promised.

  The weeping woman handed the envelope to Koeler. He tore it open. There was only eighteen dollars. She was cheated. In the end the woman was trialed and sentenced to eighteen months in prison for her part in the smuggling.

60. Where did the story happen?

A. At an airport.                           B. At a police station.

C. At a railway station.                     D. In a custom office in China.

61. The underlined word “smuggling ” in this passage most probably means_____.

A. 偷税              B. 盗窃          C. 走私                         D. 交换

62. The woman had agreed to smuggle the diamonds______.

A. in order to get the papers she needed                           B. in hope of selling them

C. in return for some money and a free trip D. so as to share them with the man

63. Which is the right order of the events(事件)given in the passage?

a. She wanted to live in the U.S.

b. She arrived in the U.S.

c. She was given an envelope.

d. She was given a plane ticket.

e. She was found out.

f. She was put into prison.

A. a, d, c, b, e, f      B. a, b, c, e, f, d 

C. a, c, d, b, e, f                    D. a, b, d, c, e, f

问答题