问题 问答题

随着现代科学的发展,大量的科学发现促进了人们对原子、原子核的认识,下列有关原子、原子核的叙述正确的是______.(填选项前的编号)

①卢瑟福α粒子散射实验说明原子核内部具有复杂的结构

②天然放射现象表明原子核内部有电子

③轻核聚变反应方程有:H+H-→He+n

④氢原子从n=3能级跃迁到n=1能级和从n=2能级跃迁到n=1能级,前者跃迁辐射出的光子波长比后者的长.

答案

卢瑟福通过α粒子散射实验提出原子核式结构模型,天然放射现象说明原子核内部具有复杂的结构,故①错误

天然放射线中放出的β粒子是原子核中的一个中子衰变为质子放出的电子,原子核内并没有电子.故②错误

轻核聚变是指把轻核结合成质量较大的核,并释放出核能的反应,方程为:12H+13H→24He+01n,故③正确

氢原子从n=3能级跃迁到n=1能级放出的光子能量比从n=2能级跃迁到n=1能级大,由公式E=

hc
λ
,可知,前者跃迁辐射出的光子波长比后者的短,故④错误

故选:③

单项选择题 案例分析题

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ()

A.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution

B.feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline

C.still consider lead pollution a problem

D.lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution

单项选择题