Which pregnancy-related physiologic change would place the client with a history of cardiac disease at the greatest risk for developing severe cardiac problems()

A. Decreased heart rate.

B. Decreased cardiac output.

C. Increased plasma volume.

D. Increased blood pressure.

为降低连接损耗，不管采用哪种连接法，接续的全过程应采用（）或（）进行质量监视。