问题 问答题

阅读以下关于Web应用系统负载均衡的问题,在答题纸上回答问题1至问题3。

某电子商务公司的主要业务是书籍、服装、家电和日用品的在线销售。随着公司业务发展和用户规模的不断扩大,现有的网上交易系统无法正常处理日益增大的请求流量,公司决策层决定升级其网上交易系统。在对该系统的升级方案进行设计和讨论时,公司的系统分析师王工提出采用基于高性能主机系统的方法进行系统升级,另外一位系统分析师李工则提出采用基于负载均衡集群的方法进行系统升级。公司的分析师和架构师对这两种思路进行讨论与评估,最终采纳了李工的方法。

请从系统的可用性、可伸缩性和应用特点三个方面说明公司为何没有采用王工提出的方法。

答案

参考答案:

王工提出的方案是采用高性能的主机系统实现系统升级。从可用性角度看,采用高性能的主机系统很难实现系统的冗余机制,当发生故障后会导致整个系统会失去响应能力,从而无法保证系统的高可用性;从可伸缩性角度看,采用高性能的主机系统,升级服务器的成本与获得的相应能力不成比例,整个系统的可扩展性较差;从应用特点来看,Internet中的Web应用绝大多数是简单任务、高强度的并发处理,而主机系统只是对于复杂单一任务和有限的并发处理具有高性能,不能同时处理大量的并发请求。因此,公司没有采用王工的方案。

解析:

本问题考查Web应用系统升级时的方案选择问题。在Web应用中,服务器的处理能力和IO已经成为提供应用服务的瓶颈。由于涉及的信息量非常大,用户访问频率也高,许多基于Web的大型应用系统每秒钟需要处理上百万个甚至更多的请求。显然单台服务器有限的性能难以解决这个问题。为了解决上述问题,采用高性能的主机系统(小型机或大型机)是可行的。但是,除了其价格昂贵、可扩展性差以外,这种主机系统在很多情况下也不能同时处理上百万个并发的请求。因为高速主机系统只是对于复杂单一任务和有限的并发处理显得高性能,而Internet中的Web应用绝大多数处理是简单任务、高强度并发处理。因此,即便有大量资金投入,采用高性能、高价格的主机系统,也不能满足Web应用的需要。

选择题
阅读理解

Everybody has had at least one experience from which he knows the meaning of life. This time, which took place several years ago, but seems as if it just happened.

He took the shirt and put it on bed, with the other clothes we were taking to the funeral. Then he closed the drawer and turned to me, “Don’t ever save anything for a special occasion. Every day you’re alive is a special occasion.”

I’m thinking about his words, and they’ve changed the way I live my life. I’m spending more time with my family and friends and less time in committee meetings. Whenever possible, life should be a kind of experience to enjoy, not to suffer. “Someday”and “one of these days”are losing their importance on my vocabulary. If it’s worth seeing or hearing or doing, I want to see and hear and do it now.

Ever since that day, I have been trying very hard not to put off, hold back or save anything that would add laughter and color to our lives. Every morning when I open my eyes, I tell myself that every day, every minute, every breath, truly is a gift. So cherish every day and find the true meaning of your life.

小题1:Why did Jan buy the beautiful skirt but didn’t wear it?

A.She waited for a special occasion to wear it on.

B.She wanted to keep it for someone else.

C.She saved it till she grew up.

D.She would give it to herself as a gift some day.小题2:What does the underlined word “cherish” mean?

A.Treasure.

B.Waste.

C.Own.

D.Save小题3:What does the author write this passage for?

A.To show how to make good use of everyday in life.

B.To explain the true meaning of his brother-in-law’s words.

C.To tell people to cherish every day and find the meaning of life.

D.To encourage people to waste time and enjoy themselves in life.小题4:What’s the best title for this passage?

A.Every Day IS a Gift

B.My Sister Jan

C.What Is the Meaningful Life like

D.The Most Important Time in Your Life