问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

下述关于慢性硬膜外血肿错误的是()。

A.伤后3天~1周出现临床症状

B.青年男性多见

C.好发于额、顶、枕区

D.较为少见

E.对于需要手术者,绝大多数需行骨瓣开颅,血肿清除术

答案

参考答案:A

解析:慢性硬膜外血肿是指伤后2~3周以上出现症状者,与急性硬膜外血肿相反,它好发于额、顶、枕区。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面的题。

煤桶骑士

[奥地利]卡夫卡

  煤用完了,煤桶空空,煤铲闲着,炉子呼吸着冷气,房间鼓满了寒风,窗前树木在严霜中发僵,天空成了抵挡想向它呼救的人的银盾。我得弄些煤来,我不能干挨冻呀;我背后是冷冷冰冰的的炉子,我前面是铁石心肠的天空,因此我必须在两者之间赶紧骑行出去,向居中的煤店老板去求助。可是那老板对我的平平常常的请求麻木不仁,我必须一五一十地向他证实我连一粒煤屑都没有了,因为他对我简直就是天上的太阳。我得像乞丐那样,饿得只剩最后一口痰,眼看就要倒毙在人家的门槛上,主人家的厨娘这才决定把最后的咖啡渣滓倒给我;同样,卖煤的将怒气冲冲,但想到“你不要杀人”的训诫,乃将满满一铁锹煤铲进我的煤桶里。

  我照这个办法出去一定能解决问题,于是我骑着煤桶前往。我骑在桶上,手抓住上面的桶架把,那是最简单的玩具,我艰难地随桶滚下台阶,但到了下面我的桶儿却往上升起,妙哉,妙哉,那些卑屈地躺卧在地的骆驼们,在牵引人的鞭子恐吓下站起来的时候,也没有这样庄严。我以不快不慢的速度穿过冻硬的街巷,我常常被驮到二层楼那么高,从未下降到屋门那么低。结果我以超乎寻常的高度飘到煤老板的拱形地窑的门前,只见他在很深的地窑下面,蹲在他的小桌旁写字;他嫌太热,便让窑门洞开着。

  “煤老板!”我用冻僵了的、被呼出的寒气蒙住的闷声喊道,“煤老板,请给我点煤吧,我的煤桶已经空得可以骑着它走了。帮个忙吧。等我一有钱,就全付清的。”

  老板用手掩住耳朵。“我没有听错吧?”他扭过头去问他正坐在炉台边打毛衣的妻子道,“我没听错吧?有一位顾客。”

  “我什么也没有听见。”妻子说,她平静地呼吸着,手上织针不停,背朝炉子,舒舒服服地烤着火。

  “哦,对的,”我喊道,“是我呀,一个老顾客,一向是不拖欠的,只是目前一时没有办法。”

  “夫人,”老板说,“我的确没有听错,是有一个人,我的耳朵不会那样不顶用的,那是一个老顾客,一个很老很老的顾客,他懂得说什么话才能使我这样感动。”

  “你怎么了,丈夫?”妻子说,她略停片刻,把针线压在胸口,“没——没有人啊,街道是空的,我们所有的顾客都供应过了;我们可以打烊歇几天了。”

  “可是我正坐在这儿的煤桶上呀,”我喊道,因寒气流出的没有感情的眼泪模糊了我的双眼,“请您朝上面看一眼吧,您马上就会发现我的,我请求给我一满锹,如果您能给我两铁锹,那我 会无比高兴的。确实,所有其他的顾客都供应过了。唉,假如我能听到桶里的煤块劈啪作响该有多好呀!”

  “我来了。”老板说,但当他正要迈开短脚爬上地窑台阶时,他的妻子已到了他身边,紧紧攥住他的臂膊说:“你待着吧。要是你执意要去,那就由我上去。想想你今天夜里的那个咳嗽样儿吧。为了一桩买卖,何况那只是一桩想象中的买卖,你就不顾老婆、孩子,牺牲你的肺不成,我去。”

  “那你把我们库里所存的各种各样的煤一一告诉他,我在底下向你喊价钱。”

  “好。”妻子说,随即走出地窑到街边。她当然一眼就见到我。“煤店老板娘,”我喊道,“你好啊,只要一铁锹,就铲在这煤桶里,我自己把它拿回家去,一锹最次的就行。钱我当然会完全照付的,但不是马上,不是马上。”“不是马上”这几个字多么像钟声,它和附近教堂顶发出的悦耳的晚钟的响声混杂在一起!

  “他要什么呀?”老板喊道。

  “没有什么,”妻子回答说,“这里什么事也没有呀。我没有见到什么,只听见钟敲了六下,我们打烊吧。天气冷得要命,看来我们明天还要忙乎一阵呢。”

  她什么也没有看见,什么也没有听见;但她解下围裙,用它竭力要把我扇走。可惜她成功了。我的煤桶具有一匹良驹的所有优点,抵抗力它却没有;它太轻了,一件妇女的围裙将它一扇,它的两条脚就飘离地面。

  “你这个狠心肠的女人,”我还是在声地回答她,这时她半轻蔑、半满足地挥动着手臂,又去做她的生意,“你这凶狠的女人,我只向你讨一锹最次的煤,你也不给。”说着,我登上了冰山地带,方向不辨,永不复返

1.文章第二段说“我照这个办法出去一定能解决问题”,“这个办法”具体指什么,文章开篇写“我”的 这个想法有何妙处,请结合全文加以赏析。

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2.试就文中“老板娘”这一人物形象做简要分析。

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3.分析文中如下两个句子。

(1)文中倒数第二段有“可惜她成功了”一句,作者为什么用“可惜”一词,表达效果如何?试简要分析。

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(2)文章结尾说“说着,我登上了冰山地带,方向不辨,永不复返”一句意味深长,请简要分析。

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4.意大利著名作家安贝托·艾柯说:“当我们踏进小说林的时候,……我们必须准备好接受例如狼会说话的事实。”请结合这篇文章的艺术表现手法及效果,谈谈你对这句话的理解。

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单项选择题

Few creatures on earth are as cute as the black lion tamarin, and few have as dramatic a story line. Pug-nosed and diminutive, with a comic fringe of hair, these monkeys dwell in trees in small tracts of forest in southeastern Brazil. Or they did until 1905, when they were declared extinct. No one saw a black lion tamarin again in the wild until 1970. Later, in the 1990s, some Brazilian researchers turned up a small set of isolated, inbred populations scattered over a wide region. Since that time, they have been engineering tamarin migration, doing everything they can to save the world’s most distinctive primates.
Although they are no larger than house cats, tamarins have brains big for their size and a family life organized like our own. They live in groups anchored by an adult male andadult female, along with their offspring. When a mother bears young, she usually produces twins, and although members of the group share in their upbringing, it is most often the father who carries them around in the trees, where the families feed on fruits, insects and bird’s eggs.
Unhappily for the lion tamarins, their tree-bound niche began to disappear after the Portuguese landed in Brazil and began clearing forest to make room for Rio de Janeiro, the settlements and farms. As is the case for so many threatened species, the breakup of their habitat sounded the death knell for tamarins, depriving them of the continuity of forest they require to remain abundant and safe from potential threats in any single vicinity. The animals avoid predators by hardly ever coming down from the trees, so even a narrow logging road through a forest can begin the breakup by preventing them from moving from one patch of forest to another.
A simple solution was to build bridges across roads, allowing the monkeys to move from one forest to another. With some lumber and the researchers’ work, habitats that had been separated became continuous again, improving opportunities for migrating and mating.
The next step was to broaden the distribution of the population. The researchers captured two families of black lion tamarins and moved them to a new forest. After a year, the moves were declared a success: Not only had 80 percent of the tamarins survived, but they had also produced new offspring. So far, so good. The researchers had learned the animals could adjust to the new habitats, even if the insects there tasted a little different or the trees were a slightly different size.
The techniques for saving species in the wild vary. Species with less stringent habitat requirements, like wild turkeys, have been rescued by moving them into new settings as well as outlawing their killing. More challenging to preserve are species that require a lot of land, like elephants, and species that have highly specific requirements for habitat and prey -- like black-footed ferrets. Ultimately, as in all challenges, knowledge is power to save wild species from extinction.

According to Paragraph 1, the tamarin story can be retold chronologically as follows:
Ⅰ. Tamarins were declared extinct.
Ⅱ. No one saw a tamarin in the wild.
Ⅲ. Tamarins used to live in forests in southern Brazil.
Ⅳ. The researchers have been doing everything they can to save tamarins.
Ⅴ. Some researchers found by chance a small set of tamarins.

A. Ⅳ--Ⅱ--Ⅰ--Ⅲ--Ⅴ

B. Ⅲ--Ⅰ--Ⅱ--Ⅴ--Ⅳ
C. Ⅱ--Ⅰ--Ⅲ--Ⅴ--Ⅳ

D. Ⅰ--Ⅱ--Ⅲ--Ⅳ--Ⅴ