问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

材料一 不论是哪里的人,是希腊人还是野蛮人,生下来都是一样的。自然给予一切人以应有的补偿,这是人人都能看得到的,所有的人都有能力获得这种补偿。在这些方面,不可能像区分希腊人还是野蛮人一样作出区分,我们大家都用嘴和鼻子呼吸,用手拿吃的东西。——汪子嵩等《希腊哲学史》(第二卷)

材料二 使用奴隶和使用家畜的确没有很大的区别,因为两者都是用身体提供生活必需品……很显然,有些人天生就是自由的,有些人天生就是奴隶,对于后者来说,被奴役不仅有益而且是公正的。——《亚里士多德全集》第9卷《政治学》

材料三 亚里士多德也说人是天生不平等的,有人生而为奴,有人生而为主……我们可以断言,在自然状态中,不平等差不多是不存在的。由于人类能力的发展和人类智慧的进步,不平等才获得了它的力量并且成长起来,由于私有制和法律的建立,不平等最终变得根深蒂固而成为合法的了……根据社会契约,全体公民既然是人人平等的……一切立法体系最终的全体最大的幸福究竟是什么,可以归纳为两大目标:自由和平等。 ——卢梭《论人类社会不平等的起源》

材料四 中国近代人文思想是在西方现代文化传入的基础上,经过与中国传统文化的碰撞与互动,在同化与顺应两种机制的作用下产生的。但这种人文思想更多地反映了中国新生资产阶级力图改造社会的良好愿望……中国先进知识分子在对中西文化矛盾冲突的比较鉴别中,逐渐发展出具有西方文化特色的人文思想和人文精神。 ——文池《思想的灵光》

材料五 五四时期提倡新生活成为当时进步青年的主张。当时妇女的面貌(服饰、发型等)变化较大,提倡个性解放,主张男女平等和妇女参政。新式知识分子对传统家庭进行了批判,家庭婚姻观念发生了根本变化。

请回答:

(1)材料一和材料二的观点的相悖之处是什么?

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(2)运用材料三中卢梭的说法,阐释人类社会不平等的起因。

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(3)据材料四并结合所学知识,概括中国近代人文思想形成的思想成果有哪些?

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(4)材料五反映的是五四运动时期哪一方面的变化?结合所学知识分析,导致这一变化的原因有哪些?

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答案

(1)材料一认为人天生是平等的,材料二却认为人天生是不平等的。

(2)人类能力的发展和人类智慧的进步是不同的;私有制的建立和法律对不平等的确定。(3)思想成果:维新思想、三民主义、民主和科学。

(4)变化:社会风俗的变化。原因:西方文明的传入;辛亥革命和中华民国的成立的推动;新文化运动的影响。

阅读理解

阅读表达。

    阅读下面的短文,并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题 后的词数要求)

      Some people are especially gifted in their social skills. These

people are very fortunate. There are also people who have problems

with speaking and even listening. These poor social skills may

lead people to become loners(不合群的人) who are always left

out of discussions.

      Ways of improving social skills can depend on your way of

interacting(交流)  with other people.  ______ to improve social

skills.

1. Try helping yourself first before asking others for help.  You can

    practice your social skills through daily situations such as going

    to work, shopping, talking with friends, chatting with family

   members, and discussing work with colleagues(同事).

2. You can learn a lot by having a conversation with yourself in

    front of a mirror because you can study your own reactions and

    find out what you need to change.

3. You  should  also  be  aware  that  nonverbal (非语言的 )

    communication is usually more important than what you are

    saying.

4. Receiving information is also important. Getting the right

    message is proof of how well you can communicate.  The fact

    that you always try to listen but somehow never really

    understand what is being said is a sign of weak social skills.

    Try to be a better listener so that you receive information

     easily.

      Learning these skills will increase your chances of having

more successful social interactions. You will establish social

competence(能力) ,  confidence,  and positive communication

skills.

     A world without interaction is not healthy. Improving

people's social skills is very important for us and for our

society.

1. What is the best title for the passage?(No more than 6words.)

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2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the  following one?

    If a person doesn't have good social skills, he or she will always be left out by others.

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3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with the proper words or

    phrases to complete the sentence.( No more than 6 words.)

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4. What is the role of the mirror according to the passage?( No more than 10 words.)

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5. Translate the underlined sentence in the passage into Chinese.

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单项选择题