问题 阅读理解

It was early morning. Peter Corbett helped Mark Wellman out of his wheelchair and onto the ground. They stood before El Capitan, a huge mass of rock almost three-quarters of a mile high in California’s beautiful Yosemite Valley. It had been Mark’s dream to climb El Capitan for as long as he could remember. But how could a person without the use of his legs hope to try to climb it?

Mark knew he couldn’t finish the climb alone, but his friend Peter, an expert rock climber, would be there to lend a helping hand. He and Mark thought that it would take seven days to reach the top.

Peter climbed about 100 feet up and hammered a piton(岩钉) into the rock. Fastening one end of a 165-foot rope to the piton, he let one end of the rope fall down. Mark caught the rope and fastened it to his belt with a special instrument. This instrument would allow Mark to move upward, but would prevent him from falling even as much as a single inch. He next reached above his head and fastened a T-shaped bar to the rope, using the same kind of instrument.

Mark took a deep breath, pushed the T-bar up almost as far as his arms could reach, and began the first of the 7, 000 pull-ups needed to reach the top. High above, Peter let out a cheer. “You’re on your way.”

Seven years before, at the age of twenty-one, Mark had fallen while mountain climbing, injuring his backbone. The fall cost him the use of his legs, but he never lost his love of adventure or his joyful spirit.

For the first four days the two men progressed steadily upward without incident. But on the fifth day an unbearably hot wind began to blow, and as time went by, it became stronger and stronger, causing Mark to sway(摇摆) violently on his rope. But Mark kept on determinedly pushing up the T-bar and pulling himself up. In spite of that, he had to admit that he felt a lot better when the wind finally died down and his body touched solid rock again.

It took them one day more than they had expected, but on July 26 at 1:45 in the afternoon, the crowd of people waiting on the top went wild with joy as the two heads appeared. Mark Wellman had shown that if you set your heart and mind on a goal, no wall is too high, no dream impossible.

小题1:What had Mark Wellman long desired to do?

A.To finish one of the most difficult rock climbs in the world.

B.To be the first to climb El Capitan.

C.To climb the highest mountain in California.

D.To help his friend Peter climb El Capitan.小题2:How did Mark climb the mountain?

A.He fastened the rope to his wheelchair.

B.He hammered in pitons so that he had something to hold on to.

C.He held on to the T-bar and Peter pulled him up.

D.He pulled himself up using a T-bar and special equipment.小题3: How did Mark lose the use of his legs?

A.He lost his footing and fell from the side of a mountain.

B.He fell during his first attempt on El Capitan.

C.His legs were broken by falling rocks.

D.While working out in the gym, he injured his backbone.小题4:What was the worst problem Mark had during the climb?

A.He struck against the rock and hurt his arms.

B.A strong wind blew him away from the rock.

C.He kept falling several inches.

D.While swaying in space, he became terrified.小题5:How did Mark react to difficulties during the climb?

A.He admitted that he was frightened.

B.He often worried about his friend’s condition.

C.He was able to remain clam and determined.

D.He was joking to cheer himself up.

答案

小题1:A

小题1:D

小题1:A

小题1:B

小题1:C

多项选择题
阅读理解与欣赏

阅读《人生可以创新》一文,完成问题。

  我们这个时代需要创新。

  学生在学校就是学习,似乎谈不上创新。如果要说创新,那是指少数有才能的孩子,写了小论文,有了小发明、小革新,可以到成人世界里去比较一番。这是过去的概念。当然这个概念也不错。但是现在的问题是,如果我们的学习也真的具有创新的意义,我们何不把它揭示出来呢?如果揭示出来,我们的认识也就升华了,发展了。

  一般来说,我们的所想所做,对本人来说,有新的意义、新的认识,这就进行了创新。我们独立解出一道题目,对新的现象进行了解释;独立作出了某个判断,添加了一个括号,有了新的思考、新的意思,就是创新。

  与成人相比,大多数学生的创新是内创新,是与自己的认识来比较的。比如,一个学生通过了剪剪拼拼,认识了三角形的内角和是180度,这对于他来说是新的。这样,他实际上进行了创新活动,有了创新的成果——这一成果对人类来说,虽早已被发现,但对他本人来说却是新的。反之,对成人来说,我们通常强调的创新是外创新,这指对现实社会来说,得出了有用的新结果,认识了新事物。

  创新的意义重在过程。在创新中,我们得到了认识的成果。在创新的过程中,我们经历了种种探索,则可以给自己全方位的收获。比如,学生在做一个课题:考察蜗牛有没有眼睛。考察的结果可能并没有一致的结论,但这并不是最重要的,重要的是学生十分投入的用自己所有的知识去学习,去探寻。这一过程获得的不仅有许多新鲜的知识,更有着能力和态度。而对成人的创新,人们更关心的是结果。而且学生的创新是在一定的教育教学的条件下进行的,比如有教室、教师和教学设备的支持,也有着明确的教育教学目的,这与成人创新有着明显的区别。在人自我实现的意识下进行的。而自我实现是所有人类的共同需要。正因为如此,即使是学生也是人人可以创新的。心理学家马洛斯说:“例如一名妇女,她是没有受过教育的、贫穷的、完完全全的家庭妇女和母亲,她所做的工作没有一件是创造性的,然而她却是奇妙的厨师、母亲、妻子和主妇……她是个完美的女主人,我从她那里以及像她一样的其他人那里学到:第一流的汤比第二流的画更有创新性。”

  据此,我们可以推知:人人可以创新,至少是人人可以思考。我们从创新的高度来看学生是天生的创新者,就会进一步解放思想,培养出更多的创新型人才。

1.本文的中心论点是什么?

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2.文中画线句子“第一流的汤比第二流的画更有创新性”中,“第一流的汤”喻指什么?你对这句话是如何看理解的?

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3.本文主要运用了对比论证方法,请结合原文谈谈有什么作用。

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4.根据选文和下面的链接材料,请你联系实际,用简明的语言列举学习中有关创新方面存在的一个问题,并提出你的解决方法。

【链接材料】

  材料一:据统计,在平均成绩的表现上,中国学生普遍比美国学生高。在美国学生来看,中国学生知识广博,学习用功刻苦。然而,在一次有着全球青少年“科学世界杯”美誉的创新大赛中,虽然中国学生获奖数量不少,但美国学生获奖的质量更高。

  材料二:一位幼儿园小朋友发现苹果里藏着一颗漂亮的星星,而有几十年切苹果经历的母亲却不以为然。小朋友将苹果一刀切开,在苹果的切口果然显现出一颗清晰的五角星。原来母亲习惯于纵切,而小朋友用的是横切。

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