There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy.--SWIFT Project after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built. In most projects, the first system built is (1) usable. It may be too slow, too big,awkward to use, or all three. There is no (2) but to start again, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved. The discard and (3) maybe done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But all large-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system concept or new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for even the best planning is not so omniscient（全知的）as to get it right the first time. The management question, therefore, is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a (4) ,or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer is much clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does so only at the (5) of agony（极大痛苦）for the user, distraction for the builders while they do the redesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will find hard to live down.. Hence plan to throw one away; you will, anyhow.
空白（1）处应选择（）
A.almost
B.often
C.usually
D.barely
参考答案：D
解析：参考译文：不变只是愿望，变化才是永恒。--SWIFT一个接一个的软件项目都是一开始设计算法，然后将算法应用到待发布的软件中，接着根据时间进度把第一次开发的产品发布给客户。对于大多数项目，第一个开发的系统并不适用。它可能太慢、太大、难以使用，或者三者兼有。要解决所有的问题，除了重新开始以外，没有其他的办法一即开发一个更灵巧或者更好的系统。系统的丢弃和重新设计可以一步完成，也可以一块块地实现。所有大型系统的经验都显示，这是必须完成的步骤。而且，新的系统概念或新技术会不断出现，因此开发的系统必须被抛弃，但即使是最优秀的项目计划也不能无所不知地在最开始就解决这些问题。因此，管理上的问题不再是"是否构建一个实验性的系统，然后抛弃它"，你必须这样做。现在的问题是"是否预先计划抛弃原型的开发，或者是否将该原型发布给用户"。从这个角度看待问题，答案更加清晰。将原型发布给用户，虽然可以获得时间，但是其代价高昂--对于用户，使用极度痛苦；对于重新开发的人员，分散了精力；对于产品，影响了声誉，即使是最好的再设计也难以挽回名声。因此，为舍弃而计划，无论如何，你一定要这样做。