问题 写作题

作文(40分)             

作为中学生,我们生活在一个幸福的时代,我们拥有知道,拥有青春,拥有激情,然而有时我们又会埋怨命运不公,感叹生活太累。其实,丰富多彩的生活值得我们珍惜的有许多许多……

请以“珍惜所拥有的___”为题,写一篇文章。  

(1)先将题目补充完整,然后写作。可填:青春、健康、亲情、幸福、荣誉……也可以不受以上限制,自行选词填补。(2)诗歌除外,文体不限;(3)字数不少于500字;(4)文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

答案

按中考评分标准给分

首先,要完成题目,定好内容。就是把空着的另一半题填上,使标题完整。这是第一步,也是最关键的一步。因为填题适当,符合自己的特点,就会有话可说,运笔时就不会时断时续甚至受阻。怎样选填另一半题呢?有两个原则,一是最熟悉的内容。同学们大的生活圈子是相同的,即“生活在一个幸福的时代”,但小的生活圈子又是千差万别的,如生活在单亲家庭,母亲或父亲的关爱最为重要,“亲情”可作为选填内容;如自己曾被评为三好生、优干,或竞赛获得大奖,“荣誉”应是最好的选填词语。可见,填题要因人而异;二是最有新意的内容。作文贵在创新,尤其是考场作文,更要有创新特色,对于“填题”来说,主要是指内容创新,写人家少写或不写的内容,做到人无我有,人有我新,人新我巧,做到换位联想思考。试题中列举的那些可填的词语,都显得一般化,很平常,不如重新拟设,如珍惜“蓝天”、“碧水”,表现环保题材;珍惜“土地”、“粮食”,表现农民问题。一旦题目完整了,即可尽快动笔。实际上,填题的过程就是构思打腹稿的过程。题目填好了,写作起来也就方便多了。其次,要根据内容,定好文体。命题中,没有限制体裁,记叙文、说明文、议论文、抒情文、写景文,小说、散文、诗歌、戏剧等,都可以作为表达方式。但究竟采用何种文体,要依据两点一是所写的内容,即根据内容来确定体裁。如写“亲情”的内容,记叙文或抒情文最当;写“环保”的内容,写景文或议论文较好;写“知识”的内容,说明文或议论文最佳;写“土地”的内容,可以通过诗歌、散文或戏剧方式来表现。二是自己的特长,即根据自己各种文体驾驭的能力来确定体裁。如果自己喜欢文学创作,并且有多篇作品发表,就用散文或诗歌的方式来表达;如果自己思辨能力强,可写成议论文;如果自己善于抒情,则写成抒情文。但说明文一般不大采用,因为难以创新,容易写得枯燥。

填空题

"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian stage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.

Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.

From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.

Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist’s personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explores. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles. "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself" His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.

This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.

Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: "It is man, real, living man who does all that. "And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past. "

This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.

 

[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
41. i Petrarch[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
42. Niccolo Machiavelli[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.
43. Samuel Smiles[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
44. Thomas Carlyle[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record ofstruggle.
45. Marx and Engels[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.
 [G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.

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