问题 问答题 简答题

书院在教学和管理方面有哪些重要特点

答案

参考答案:

宋代书院在教学和管理上的主要特点:

第一、书院的教育经费来源多样化。书院的学田和经费,得到官府的资助,也依靠民间自己筹集。

第二,书院实行山长负责制,管理体制日趋完备。

第三、宋代书院的学术风气活跃。

第四、宋代书院通过制定学规章程来规范教学宗旨、方法及培养目标。大多数情况下,书院都能在教育领域发挥积极的作用,弥补了官学的不足,丰富和扩大了中国古代教育的内涵,成为中国封建社会中后期一种重要的教育组织形式。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods.  " The  woods "  was  our  part-time  

address,destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend's house and found him not at home, his

mother might say,"Oh.he's out in the woods."  with a tone (语气)  of airy acceptance. It's similar to the

tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone I'm looking for is on the golf course or at the gym,or even "away from his desk".For us ten-year-olds, " being out in the woods"  was just an excuse to

do whatever we feel like for a while.

     We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was exploring (探索). Exploring was a more popular idea back then than it is today. History seemed to be mostly about explorers. Our

explorations, though, seemed to have less system than the historic kind: something usually came up along

the way. Say we stayed in the woods ,throwing rocks, shooting  frogs , picking  blackberries , digging 

 in  what we were briefly persuaded was an Indian burial mound.

     Often we got "Lost" and had to climb a tree to find out where we were. If you read a story in which

someone does that successfully, be skeptical; the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight,

and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees. There were four or five trees that we visited regularly-tall beeches, easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.

     It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us

has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence (青春期). In March.the month

when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We

climbed a tree,and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather

big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school

cafeteria.

1. The author and his friends were often out in the woods to__________.  

A. spend their free time

B. play golf and other sports

C. avoid doing their schoolwork

D. keep away from their parents

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?   

A. The activities in the woods were well planned.

B. Human history is not the result of exploration.

C. Exploration should be a systematic activity.

D. The author explored in the woods aimlessly

3. The underlined word "skeptical"  in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________.    

A. calm    

B. doubtful    

C.serious    

D. optimistic

4. How does the author feel about his childhood?   

A. Happy but short.

B. Lonely but memorable.

C. Boring and meaningless.

D. Long and unforgettable.

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