问题 问答题 简答题

我国古代建筑的三种结构形式及特点,优缺点

答案

参考答案:

穿斗式构架:①又称立帖式.②这是用柱距较密,柱径较细的落地柱与短柱直接承檩,柱间不施梁而用若干穿枋联系,并以挑枋承托出檐.③这种结构在我国南方使用普遍,优点是用料较小,山面抗风性能好;缺点是室内柱密而空间不开阔.④因此,它有时和叠梁式构架混合使用.适用不同地势,基本构件,柱檩穿挑.

抬梁式构架:①(叠梁式)是一种梁架结构体系,水平构件为梁,垂直的为柱,梁是受弯构件,靠自重稳定建筑.②就是在屋基上立柱,柱上支梁,梁上放短柱,其上在置梁.梁的两端并承檩;如是层叠而上,在最上的梁中央放脊瓜柱的承脊檩.③这种结构在我国应用很广,多用于官式和北方民间建筑,特别北方更是如此.优点是室内少柱或无柱,可获得较大的空间;缺点是柱梁等用材较大,消耗木材较多.④重要建筑则用斗拱承载出挑.主要构件,梁,柱,檩,枋.

井干式:将木材层层相叠,既是围护结构,又是承重结构.

选择题
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Their grandmothers fought for the vote, and their mothers have battled to have it all. Now the upcoming generation of girls have decided to turn the clock back and stay at home with their babies.

According to a survey of more than 5,000 teenage girls in Britain, their main ambition (追求的目标) is to complete university then stay at home. More than nine out of ten of the girls believe it should be up to their husbands to provide for them. And although 43 percent of those questioned believe they should continue with their education until they have achieved a university degree, one in four say getting married is the most important thing for them.

The supposedly super-modern, “fun comes first” teenage generation has proved to be very traditional in every area of their beliefs, with over 50 percent saying they would not dream of having children before seeing a ring on their finger.

The desire to have children is beginning earlier too. On average, teenage girls plan to have their first child at 26, and most plan to have one or two more children over the following four years. The national average now is 1.64 children per couple.

“This survey doesn’t show that the battles of feminism (女权运动) have been lost,” said author Claire Rayner, “Feminism was never opposed (反对) to marriage or children. On the contrary, feminism was about to equal opportunities for women to do what they wanted to do, when they wanted to do it, and this is exactly what these girls are choosing to do.”

小题1:The passage is mainly about ________.

A.the result of the battles of feminism

B.women’s struggle for independence in the society

C.the girls’ desire to stay at home after they graduate

D.women’s social status in the modern society小题2:Girls prefer to be housewives rather than independent women because _______.

A.it’s hard for women to find jobs

B.men would rather their wives look after babies at home

C.girls want to live a more comfortable life

D.women have a low salary小题3:. From the last paragraph we can see that Rayner thinks ________.

A.women should stay at home with their babies

B.women should find jobs and support the family

C.women should be offered more job opportunities

D.women should live the life they like