问题 选择题

下列现象不属于生物入侵的是(  )

A.被人带到澳大利亚的英国家兔演变成了与绵羊争夺食物、破坏草原植被的野兔

B.南美洲的薇甘菊在我国南方沿海登陆后,夺走当地植物的阳光和养料,破坏植被

C.地中海蝇随各国出入境人员携带的水果蔓延到90多个国家和地区,危害蔬菜水果

D.太湖里滋生大量的蓝藻,使得一部分湖水变臭,鱼虾无法生存

答案

威胁生物多样性的原因有:滥采乱伐、滥捕乱杀、环境污染、外来物种的入侵.其中,外来物种的入侵往往会威胁当地的原有生物物种的生存.生物入侵是指某种生物从外地自然传入或人为引种后成为野生状态,并对本地生态系统造成一定危害的现象.这些生物被叫做外来物种.外来入侵物种具有生态适应能力强,繁殖能力强,传播能力强等特点.

A、被人带到澳大利亚的英国家兔演变成了与绵羊争夺食物、破坏草原植被的野兔,就会破坏生态平衡,使当地植被受到严重破坏,这在生物学中称为外来物种入侵.故不符合题意.

B、近年来,我国南方某些沿海地区,一种原产南美洲的叫做薇甘菊的“植物杀手”悄悄地登陆了,在气候温暖、雨量充沛的条件下适应能力强,繁殖能力强,传播能力强,又没有天敌故薇甘菊等入侵者大量繁殖数量剧增,茂密的藤蔓缠绕或覆盖当地植物,夺取本应属于当地植物的阳光和养料,使当地植被受到严重破坏,这在生物学中称为外来物种入侵.故不符合题意.

C、地中海蝇原产西非,1842年传入西班牙,以后在地中海沿岸各国迅速蔓延.近一个半世纪以来,此虫已随果蔬等传播到六大洲的80多个国家和地区,成为世界性果蔬大害虫.中国将其公布为进口植物检疫一类危险性害虫,对其检疫极其严格.规定“禁止美国生产的水果、蔬菜(仅限蕃茄、茄子、辣椒等)进口“,“入境检查发现带有水果、蔬莱者,由口岸检验检疫人员没收销毁处理.”这在生物学中称为外来物种入侵.故不符合题意.

D、赤潮是在特定环境条件下产生的,相关因素很多,但其中一个极其重要的因素是海洋污染.大量含有各种含氮有机物的废污水排入海水中,促使海水富营养化,这是赤潮藻类能够大量繁殖的重要物质基础,国内外大量研究表明,海洋浮游藻是引发赤潮的主要生物,在全世界4000多种海洋浮游藻中有260多种能形成赤潮,其中有70多种能产生毒素.他们分泌的毒素有些可直接导致海洋生物大量死亡. 所以使得一部分湖水变臭,鱼虾无法生存.这不是外来物种入侵.故符合题意.

故选:D.

阅读理解
阅读理解
Dear Wei Lin:
      It was really good to hear from you again, but I was surprised to learn that you started smoking soon
after you went to the U.S. You said that smoking helps you relax. This might be true, but there are better
ways to relax . And doctors tell us that smoking can only help us relax for a short time.
      I remember when you were in Taiwan, you were afraid that the air pollution might harm (对...有害处)
your health. But don't you think you're also harming your health when you smoke? 
      Smoking can hurt other people's health, too. And I've heard that some people have gotten cancer from
second-hand smoke. So for your own health and for the health of others, please give up smoking …
                                                                                                                                                 Yours, 
                                                                                                                                                 Alex
1. From the letter, we know that Wei Lin _______.
[ ]
A. couldn't smoke
B. started smoking when he was old
C. started smoking when he was in Taiwan
D. learned to smoke after he went to U.S.
2. Why did he smoke?
[ ]
A. He was too busy.
B. He enjoyed smoking.
C. He needed it.
D. He wanted to relax.
3. What does the writer think of smoking?
[ ]
A. He likes it very much.
B. It is good to relax.
C. It is harmful to health.
D. It is OK to smoke a little.

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

[ ]
A. Alex asked Wei Lin to give up smoking.
B. Alex was Wei Lin's friend.
C. Alex hated smoking because it hurt health.
D. Wei Lin got cancer.
5. According to the writer, smoking is _______.
[ ]
A. harmful to smokers' health
B. not good to others' health
C. as harmful as air pollution
D. All of the above
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