问题 填空题

(6分)红磷P(s)和Cl2(g)发生反应生成PCl3(g)和PCl5(g)。反应过程和能量关系如图所示(图中的△H表示生成1 mol产物的数据)。

根据上图回答下列问题:

(1)PCl3分解成P(s)和Cl2(g)的热化学方程式是__________________________________。

(2)P和Cl2分两步反应生成1 mol PCl5的△H1=_______________,与P和Cl2一步反应生成1 mol PCl5的△H2的关系是:△H2__________△H1(填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)。

答案

(1)2PCl3 (g) =" 3" Cl2 (g)+ 2P(s)  ΔH=+612 kJ·mol1 

(2)-399 kJ·mol1     等于

(1)由图像可知P(s)和Cl2(g)的总能量高于PCl3(g),所以PCl3分解成P(s)和Cl2(g)的反应是吸热反应。因为每生成1mol PCl3(g),反应放出306kJ能量,故分解的热化学方程式为2PCl3 (g) =" 3" Cl2 (g)+ 2P(s)  ΔH=+612 kJ·mol1

(2)根据图像可写出PCl3(g)和Cl2(g)反应生成1mol PCl5(g)的热化学方程式PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)反=PCl5(g) ΔH=-93 kJ·mol1。所以根据盖斯定律知,将反应①2PCl3 (g) =" 3" Cl2 (g)+ 2P(s)  ΔH=+612 kJ·mol1和反应②PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)反=PCl5(g) ΔH=-93 kJ·mol1叠加,即②-①÷2得到P(s)+5/2Cl2(g)反=PCl5(g),所以△H=-399 kJ·mol1。反应热只与物质的始态和终态有关,而与反应过程无关,即△H2等于△H1

阅读理解

We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class.

“You could win prizes,’’our teacher told US as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing,“The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster. ”

We studied the board critically. Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard,rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten—dollar grand prize,each and every one of US. I'm going to spend mine on candies,one hopeful would announce,while another practiced looking serious,wise and rich.

Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins,while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of US used big designs,and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one comer of our poster and let the space draw the viewer's attention to it. Some of US would wander past the good students’ desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown-up trick of the soil they seemed especially fond of。making all of US believe we had a fair chance,and then always—always—rewarding the same old winners.

I believe I drew a sailboat,but I can’t say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it. I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen,and then I turned it in.

Minutes passed.

No one came along to give me the grand prize,and then someone distracted me,and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.

I was still sitting at my desk,thinking,What poster? When the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me.

46. What was the teacher's requirement for the poster?

A. It must appear in time.

B. It must be done in class.

C. It must be done on a construction sheet.

D. It must include the words on the blackboard.

47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _____________.

A. formed an idea for

B. made an outline for

C. made some space for

D. chose some colors for

48. After the teacher’s words,all the students in the class _________.

A. 1ooked very serious

B. thought they would be rich

C. began to think about their designs

D. began to play games

49. After seeing the good students’ designs,some students _________.

A. 1oved their own designs more

B. thought they had a fair chance

C. put their own designs in a comer

D. thought they would not win the prize

50. We can infer from the passage that the author ______________.

A. enjoyed grown-up tricks very much

B. 1oved poster competitions very much

C. felt surprised to win the competition

D. became wise and rich after the competition

单项选择题 B1型题