问题 选择题

王安石提出“行者,有生之本”。与之相对立的观点是

A.“心无外物”

B.“天地为万物之本”

C.“夫形于天地之间也,物也”

D.“舍天地则无以为道”

答案

答案:A

题目分析:本题实际上考查宋明理学的哲学观。王安石认为,人的生理和心理方面的活动和人的形体联系在一起,突出了“形”的存在;B、C、D三项均突出了“天地”或“万物”这一“形”的存在。A项是宋明“心学”的观点,“心学”认为天地万物都在心中,这明显与王安石的思想相对立。故选A。

点评:宋明理学分程朱理学和陆王心学两大派。两派在探求理的途径上上不同,朱熹主张格物致知,王阳明则主张致良知。程朱理学属于客观唯心主义,但是王守仁则是主观唯心主义哲学。

阅读理解

Have you ever been sad because you failed in something? If so, please remember, for often, achieving what you expect is not the most important thing. Here is a story to tell you why.

One day a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his house after watching a science program. As he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch.  "What are you doing?" asked one of the visitors. "I want to dig a deep hole all the way through the earth!" the boy answered excitedly.  The older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible to do it. Then they left.

The little boy kept on digging and digging. Suddenly, a few small colorful stones caught his eyes. He collected them and put them into a glass jar patiently.  Humming a song, he went on digging. The jar was full soon. Then he talked to himself calmly and proudly, "Maybe I can't finish digging all the way through the earth, but look at what I have found in the process (过程) of digging !"

The boy's goal was too difficult, but it did cause him to go on, in other words, to cause us to keep working!

Not every goal will be achieved.  Not every job will end up with a success.  Not every dream will come true.  But when you can't achieve your goal, maybe you can say, "Yes, but look what I've found along the way! There are so many wonderful things that have come into my life because I tried to do something!" It is in the digging that life is lived. is the unexpected joy on the journey that really has a meaning.

小题1:What did the boy do after watching a program?

A. He bought a glass jar.            

B. He started to dig a hole.

C. He played with some visitors.

小题2:What did the older boys think of the little boy?

A. He was silly.                     

B. He was strict.

C. He was strong-minded.

小题3:When did the boy find the stones?

A. Before he met the older boys.     

B. When he wanted to give up digging.

C. After the older boys laughed at him.

小题4:What does the underlined sentence "It is in the digging that life is lived.” mean according to the article?

A. Life is to make a big success.      

B. Life is to find the colorful stones.

C. Life is on the way to achieve the goal.

小题5:Which is the best title for this article?

A. Enjoying the Process              

B. How to Achieve Goals

C. A Journey through the Earth

问答题