问题 解答题

知识应用,解决问题.

(一)预习思考

材料:5月2日,自治区召开“美丽广西•清洁乡村”活动电视动员大会.玉林市接着召开“美丽玉林•清洁乡村”活动电视动员大会,第一时间全面贯彻落实自治区动员会精神,在全市上下全面推进“美丽玉林•清洁乡村”活动.围绕以清洁家园、清洁水源、清洁田园“三清洁”为主要任务,以消除“五乱”和农村垃圾“围村堵河”为中点内容,以城乡结合部、旅游景区、大村大镇为重点区域,突出沿江、沿河、沿路环境治理,以局部治理带动综合整治,以集中整治促进长效机制,推进清洁整治工作进村入户,实现城乡全覆盖.

(二)设问解疑

(1)问:对乡村居民来说,水污染的问题在环境污染中尤为突出,下列行为中有哪项是使乡村水域环境遭到破坏的原因?

A.工厂污水的排放;B.生活污染物的排放;C.化肥、农药的大量使用;D.包括以上三项.

答:选项为______.

(2)问:在对乡村环境造成危害的污染物中存在许多有毒物质,这些有毒物质是如何影响人体健康的?

答:有毒物质会沿着______积累,最终危害人体健康.

(3)问:在乡村居民的生产和生活中会产生大量的粪尿,我们可以进行无害化处理而减少其对环境的危害.无害化处理依据的原理是什么?

答:是利用细菌和真菌在分解有机物时,释放出能量形成高温将粪尿中的各种______杀死.

(4)问:“垃圾是放错了地方的资源!”,根据所学的科学知识你是怎样理解的?

答:我们可以对垃圾进行分类处理,回收利用其中一些有用的物质,这样既可以节约______、又可减少环境污染.

(三)简结转新

(5)问:面对日益严重的环境污染,你做过哪些有益的工作?请举一例.

答:______.

答案

(1)人类生产活动造成的水体污染中.工业引起的水体污染最严重.如工业废水,它含污染物多,成分复杂,不仅在水中不易净化,而且处理也比较困难. 工业废水,是工业污染引起水体污染的最重要的原因.它占工业排出的污染物的大部分.工业废水所含的污染物因工厂种类不同而千差万别,即使是同类工厂,生产过程不同,其所含污染物的质和量也不一样.工业除了排出的废水直接注入水体引起污染外,固体废物和废气也会污染水体.农业污染首先是由于耕作或开荒使土地表面疏松,在土壤和地形还未稳定时降雨,大量泥沙流入水中,增加水中的悬浮物. 还有一个重要原因是近年来农药、化肥的使用量日益增多,而使用的农药和化肥只有少量附着或被吸收,其余绝大部分残留在土壤和漂浮在大气中,通过降雨,经过地表径流的冲刷进入地表水和渗入地表水形成污染. 城市污染源是因城市人口集中,城市生活污水、垃圾和废气引起水体污染造成的.城市污染源对水体的污染主要是生活污水,它是人们日常生活中产生的各种污水的混合液,其中包括厨房、洗涤房、浴室和厕所排出的污水.故选:D

(2)生物富集作用是指环境中一些污染物(如重金属、化学农药等),通过食物链在生物体内不断积累的过程.这些有毒物质会在生物体内积累而不易排出,沿着食物链积累,最终危害人体健康.

(3)人粪尿无害化处理的方式主要有建沼气池、高温堆肥和建生态厕所,生态厕所的地下设有沼气池.如,高温堆肥就是将人粪尿、禽畜粪尿和农作物秸秆等堆积起来,使细菌和真菌大量繁殖,再利用细菌、真菌等微生物分解人粪尿中的有机物,释放能量,产生高温,高温可以杀死人粪尿中的各种病菌和虫卵,从而达到无害化的目的.

(4)垃圾的回收利用有两个方面的积极意义:一、是垃圾的回收有利于环境保护.垃圾是主要的环境污染物之一,垃圾腐败、分解过程中放出的有毒气体会污染大气;垃圾中的重金属离子、腐败产物会污染水体;垃圾能破坏土壤结构,导致土壤污染,垃圾倾倒入海洋中,还会威胁水生生物的生长.二、是垃圾的回收能变废为宝,节约资源.“垃圾是放错地方的资源”,垃圾中的许多物质具有很大的应用价值.如可燃性垃圾可用于生产沼气、发电等,废弃金属、橡胶、塑料等可再生利用等.

(5)该小题具有一定的开放性,言之有理即可.如宣传环保、爱护环境、节约用水、减少污水排放等.

故答案为:(1)D(2)食物链(3)病菌和虫卵(4)资源(5)宣传环保、爱护环境、节约用水、减少污水排放等

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Like any good mother,when Karen found out that another baby was on the way,she did what

she could to help her 3-year-old son,Michael,prepare for a new baby. They find out that the new

baby is going to be a girl,and day after day,night after night,Michael sings to his sister in Mommy's

stomach.

     Finally,Michael's little sister is born. But she is in serious condition. With alarm in the night,the

ambulance rushes the infant to the neonatal(初生的)intensive care unit at St.  Mary's Hospital,Knoxville,

Tennessee. The days go by. The little girl gets worse. The pediatric(儿科的)specialist tells the parents,

"There is very little hope. Be prepared for the worst."

     Karen and her husband contact a local cemetery about a burial plot. They have fixed up a special

room in their home for the new baby,but now they plan a funeral. Michael,keeps begging his parents to

let him see his sister,"I want to sing to her,"he says.

     Karen makes up her mind. She will take Michael whether they like it or not. If he doesn't see his

sister now,he may never see her alive.

     She dresses him in an oversized suit and marches him into ICU. He looks like a walking laundry

basket,but the head nurse recognizes him as a child and shouts,"Get that kid out of here now! No

children are allowed. Never disturb patients here. "The mother rises up strongly and said,"He is not

leaving until he sings to his sister!"

     Karen leads Michael to his sister's bedside. He gazes at the tiny infant losing the battle to live. And

he begins to sing. In the pure hearted voice of a 3-year-old,Michael sings:"You are my sunshine,my only

sunshine,you make me happy when skies are gray. . . "Instantly the baby girl responds. The pulse rate

becomes calm and steady.

     The next day,the very next day,the little girl is well enough to go home! Woman's Day magazine

called it"the miracle of a brother's song. "The medical staff just called it a miracle. Karen called it a

miracle of God's love!

     Never give up on the people you love.

1. What may the underlined words"the infant"refer to?

A. The baby.    

B. Karen.    

C. Mary.

D. Michael.

2. What do we know about the little sister after she was born?

A. She was driven to St. Mary's shop.

B. A doctor came to see her in her house.  

C. She was very thin and couldn't speak.

D. She was in great danger.

3. Why did Karen firmly let little Michael see his sister in ICU?

A. Because he could make his sister alive.

B. Because his sister would be sent to a far hospital

C. Because his sister was going to die soon.

D. Because his father wanted to take him away.

4. What do we know about the head nurse?

A. The head nurse was careful.    

B. The bead nurse was rude.

C. The head nurse was responsible.  

D. The head nurse had no sympathy.

5. What is the general idea of the text?

A. A boy's singing saved his sister's life.

B. The little girl is well enough to go home.

C. Michael's little sister is born with a serious disease.

D. No children are allowed to enter the intensive care unit.