问题 问答题 简答题

公路桥涵养护工作的主要内容和基本要求有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

(1)建立、健全公路桥涵的检查、评定制度。对公路桥涵构造物进行周期性检查,系统

地掌握其技术状况,及时发现缺损和相关环境的变化。按桥梁检查结果,对桥梁技术状况进行分类评定,制定相应的养护对策。

(2)建立公路桥梁管理系统和公路桥梁数据库,实施桥涵病害监控,实行科学决策。逐步建立特大型桥梁荷载报警系统,地震、洪水和流冰等预防决策系统。

(3)公路桥涵养护应做到:桥涵外观整洁,桥面铺装坚实平整、横坡适度,桥头连接顺适,排水畅通,结构完好无损,标志、标线等附属设施齐全完好。

(4)桥涵构造物的养护,首先应使原结构保持设计荷载等级的承载要求及设计交通量的通行要求。根据交通发展的需要,也可通过改造和改建来提高承载能力和通行能力。在确定改造或改建工程方案时,应注意新旧结构之间的关系,充分发挥原有结构的作用。

(5)养护作业和工程实施时,应注意保障车辆、行人的安全通行及环境保护。

(6)桥涵构造物养护应有对付洪水、流冰、泥石流和地震等灾害的防护措施,同时备有应急交通方案。

(7)新建或改建桥梁交工接养,应有完备的交接手续并提供成套技术资料。特大、大桥应配置养护设施、机具,设置养护工作通道。设计单位应提供养护技术要点及要求。未配备或配置不能满足养护工作需要的,可根据实际需要予以增添。

(8)桥涵构造物的检查及技术状况评定、养护对策,维修、加固、改建的竣工验收等有关技术文件,均应按统一格式完整归入桥梁养护技术档案及数据库。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Randy Kraus was paralyzed. His left side was useless. But his right hand was (1) enough to lift a bucket to his forehead. Once, he’d been a police officer and owned a private-eye agency. Once, he’d been p and able. Now, he felt he was nothing.

His (2) started with Parkinson’s disease, but it didn’t (3) there. In July 2002, the 60 year old Kraus went into the hospital for an operation to control the shaking. (4) , during the operation, he had a stroke. He was paralyzed. The (5) man, who loved golf, could think, but couldn’t (6) . Kraus wanted the doctors to (7) it to him straight. "You may never walk again, " they told him. "Maybe you won’t (8) be able to talk. "

Once at home, he (9) he couldn’t lift a fork or take a drink by himself. Physical treatment was so painful and slow. What did he have to (10) for So now Kraus held the gun against his head. (11) the cold metal on his skin, he began to consider not his pain, but the pain he (12) cause his wife, daughters and grandchildren. He didn’t pull the trigger.

"You are where you are", his exercise physiologist, Andrew Garud told him. "The pace would be slow; the pain would be (13) . But as long as you are (14) , you have the ability to get better. " After three months of (15) with Garud, Kraus wanted to see if he could (16) . He could. Then he took three steps, sat down and cried like a baby. One step (17) to another. Next he managed a short walk. It was the hardest (18) of Kraus’s life.

Garud kept saying he could (19) more. Now, Kraus can brush his teeth, shave himself and get around the house with a walker. Little success only the paralyzed can (20) understand.

8().

A.still

B.only

C.just

D.even