问题 实验题

(1)下列说法正确的是  ▲   .

A.黑体辐射电磁波的强度按波长的分布只与黑体的温度有关

B.普朗克提出了物质波的概念,认为一切物体都具有波粒二象性。

C.波尔理论的假设之一是原子能量的量子化

D.氢原子辐射出一个光子后能量减小,核外电子的运动加速度减小(2)如图所示是研究光电效应规律的电路。图中标有A和K的为光电管,其中K为阴极, A为阳极。现接通电源,用光子能量为10.5eV的光照射阴极K,电流计中有示数,若将滑动变阻器的滑片P缓慢向右滑动,电流计的读数逐渐减小,当滑至某一位置时电流计的读数恰好为零,读出此时电压表的示数为6.0V;则光电管阴极材料的逸出功为   ▲   eV,现保持滑片P位置不变,增大入射光的强度,电流计的读数   ▲   。(选填“为零”、或“不为零”)

(3)快中子增殖反应堆中,使用的核燃料是钚239,裂变时释放出快中子,周围的铀238吸收快中子后变成铀239,铀239()很不稳定,经过   ▲  次β衰变后变成钚239(),写出该过程的核反应方程式:         ▲        。设静止的铀核发生一次β衰变生成的新核质量为M,β粒子质量为m,,释放出的β粒子的动能为E0 ,假设衰变时能量全部以动能形式释放出来,求一次衰变过程中的质量亏损。

答案

1)    AC           (2)      4.5                    为零        

(3)       2                                               

解答:解:(1)A、黑体辐射电磁波的强度按波长的分布只与黑体的温度有关,故A正确.

B、德布罗意提出了物质波的概念,认为一切物体都具有波粒二象性.故B错误.

C、波尔理论的假设之一是原子能量的量子化,故C正确.

D、氢原子辐射出一个光子后能量减小,轨道半径减小,核外电子的运动加速度增大,故D错误.

故选AC.

(2)当滑至某一位置时电流计的读数恰好为零,读出此时电压表的示数为6.0V,说明反向电压为6V.

即:最大初动能EK=6.0ev,

光电管阴极材料的逸出功为4.5ev.

现保持滑片P位置不变,增大入射光的强度,电流计的读数为零.

(3)核反应方程满足质量数和核电荷数守恒

经过2次β衰变后变成钚239(94239Pu),

该过程的核反应方程式:92239U→94239Pu+2-10e

运用动量守恒定律和能量守恒定律:

mv=Mv′

E/E0=m/M

m E0/M +E0=△mc2得△m=

故答案为:1)    AC           (2)      4.5                    为零        

(3)       2                                               

阅读理解

I’m fat. I’m too skinny. I’d be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs. Do any of these statements sound familiar? Do you often put yourself down? If so, you’re not alone. As a teen, you’re going through a ton of changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image (形象) of yourself. Lots of people have trouble getting used to it and this can affect their confidence.

Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.

The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you’re very worried about your weight or size, go to your doctor to check that things are OK. But it’s no one’s business but your own what your body is like—finally, you have to be happy with yourself.

Next, find which aspects (方面) of your appearance you can change and which you can’t change and need to accept—like their height, for example, or their shoe size.

If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a pan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods.

When you hear negative comments coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try building your confidence by listing three things in your day that really gave you pleasure. It can be anything like the way the sun felt on your face, the sound of your favorite band, or the way someone laughed at your jokes.

小题1:From the first paragraph, we can infer that           .

A.many teens can’t accept their body change easily

B.most teens like to have a special body image

C.teens prefer to change their body image quickly

D.teens usually change their opinions on their body image小题2:Which of the following does the author probably agree with?

A.Change the way other people look at you.

B.Go to your doctor for advice on how to change your body.

C.Realize you can’t change everything about yourself.

D.源Learn from some celebrities on how to change your body.小题3:The underlined phrase “put yourself down” in the first paragraph probably means          .

A.make yourself fall down

B.say negative things about yourself

C.force yourself to do something

D.write down your name somewhere小题4:The passage is mainly about           .

A.how to adjust to the changes of your body

B.how to build confidence by changing your body

C.how to keep an attractive body image

D.how to find pleasure in your day

单项选择题