问题 问答题

A和B注册会计师负责审计甲上市公司2010年度财务报表。A和B注册会计师确定的X公司财务报表整体的重要性水平为50万元。
相关资料如下:
资料一:A注册会计师从发货凭证中选取适当的样本,追查到销售发票、应收账款明细账,以获取应收账款相关认定的审计证据。
资料二:B注册会计师从材料采购业务中选取了部分业务,以测试采购交易的完整性。审计工作底稿记载的部分内容摘录如下:

验收商品日期 验收单编号 验收单日期 应付账款明细账日期 付款时间
20100320 验字第2010—089号 20100320 20100320 20100330
20100630 验字第2010—175号 20100630 20100630 20100709
20100930 验字第2010—258号 20100930 20100930 20101010
20101223 验字第2010—350号 20101223 20110101 20110102
20101230 验字第2011—004号 20110103 20110103 未付
审计说明:
(1)根据采购合同,X公司在验收商品后的10日内向供应商付款。为测试采购业务的完整性,从全部
采购业务中随机选取了5笔进行检查。
(2)对于验字第2010—350号采购交易反映的跨年度入账问题,财务经理解释系年前未收到供应商发
票所致。经确认,供应商发票日期确实为2011年1月1日。无异议。
(3)针对验字第2011—004号凭证反映的验收日期与验收单日期不一致,验收入员的解释是:2010年
共印制验收单365张,已提前用完,只能使用2011年度验收单。无异议。
资料三:(1)X公司于2010年12月31日资产负债表中反映的交易性金融资产为500万元,X公司管理层按照其历史成本对这些交易性金融资产进行计量。A和B注册会计师对上述交易性金融资产实施的重新计算程序表明,如果按公允价值进行后续计量,X公司20lO年度利润表中公允价值变动损失增加50万元,2010年12月31日资产负债表中交易性金融资产将减少50万元,所得税、净利润将分别减少0万元、50万元。(2)2011年2月20日,Z银行针对X公司提出的400万元债务违约诉讼尚在审理当中。X公司律师的回函表明其结果具有不确定性。要求:(1)针对资料一,假定不考虑其他条件,就给出的与应收账款相关的认定,逐项指出A注册会计师实施的审计程序是否可以获取充分、适当的审计证据;如果不能获取充分、适当的审计证据,指出针对这些认定应当实施的一项主要实质性程序和审计路径起点。将答案直接填入相应的表格内。
相关认定 是否可以获取充分、适当的审计证据(是/否) 主要实质性程序 审计路径起点
存在
计价和分摊
(2)针对资料二中的审计说明第(1)至(3)项,逐项指出B注册会计师实施的审计程序中存在的不当之处,并简要说明理由。如认为B注册会计师还需要针对资料二扩大检查的范围,亦请简要说明。
(3)逐一针对资料三中所述情况,分别指出A和B注册会计师应当向X公司管理层提出何种建议。
(4)假定X公司管理层接受了针对资料三事项(2)的建议,但拒绝接受针对事项(1)的建议。除此以外,不存在其他审计差异。A和B注册会计师在起草审计报告时,从计算机文档中调出了一份标准审计报告文本,拟在对该文本进行适当修改后向会计师事务所提交。请代A和B注册会计师编写需要修改的段落。

答案

参考答案:(1)

相关认定 是否可以获取充分、
适当的审计证据(是/否)
主要实质性程序 审计路径起点
存在 向客户函证应收账款 应收账款明细账
计价和分摊 检查坏账准备的计提 坏账准备明细表
(2)第(1)项中,因为付款期限为验收后10日内,在全部采购业务中随机检查不妥,应从接近年末,特别是12月下旬的采购交易中选取测试的业务。针对第(2)项的审计结论错误。根据采购合同,X公司应在2011年12月23日根据暂估金额登记应付账款。因此,B注册会计师应要求X公司调整财务报表。针对第(3)项的审计结论错误。凭证账簿的记载应当反映业务的实际情况。B注册会计师应要求X公司调整财务报表。
此外,注册会计师应当对验收日期在2010年12月下旬的采购业务实施100%检查,并提请调整检查发现的验收日期在年前但验收单编号为2011—开头的采购业务。
(3)针对情况(1),应提请X公司按公允价值进行后续计量,并对财务报表进行相应调整。针对情况(2),A和B注册会计师应提请X公司在财务报表附注资料中进行充分披露。
(4)
①导致保留意见的事项
X公司于2010年12月31日资产负债表中反映的交易性金融资产为500万元。X公司管理层未按照公允价值对这些交易性金融资产进行后续计量,而是按历史成本进行计量,这不符合企业会计准则的规定。如果按公允价值进行后续计量,X公司2010年度利润表中公允价值变动损失将增加500000元,2010年12月31日资产负债表中交易性金融资产将减少500000元,相应地,所得税、净利润和股东权益将分别减少0元、500000元和500000元。
②保留意见
我们认为,除“①导致保留意见的事项”段所述事项产生的影响外,X公司财务报表在所有重大方面按照企业会计准则的规定编制,公允反映了X公司2010年12月31日的财务状况以及2010年度的经营成果和现金流量。
③强调事项
我们提醒财务报表使用者关注,如财务报表附注×所述,截至财务报表批准日,Z银行对X公司提出的诉讼尚在审理当中,其结果具有不确定性。本段内容不影响已发表的审计意见。

问答题
填空题

[A] The strain of HIV that was discovered in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication. In fact, the virus is missing so much of this particular gene-known as nef, for negative factor--that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function. And sure enough, while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells--white blood cells that are critical to the immune system’s ability to ward off infection--it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence.

[B] If this speculation proves right, it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late-20th century’s most terrible epidemic. For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick, the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far-reaching implications. "What these results suggest," says Dr. Barney Graham of Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University, "is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it."

[C] But as six years stretched to 10, then to 14, the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment. Although two of the recipients have died from other causes, not one of the man’s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS. More telling still, the donor is also healthy. In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all. What could explain such unexpected good fortune

[D] At the very least, the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers. If its activity can be blocked, suggests Deacon, researchers might be able to bring the progression of disease under control, even in people who have developed full-blown AIDS. The need for better AIDS-fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U. S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel, which, recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs. Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs, neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold. What scientists really want is a vaccine that can prevent infection altogether. And that’s what makes the Sydney virus so promising--and so controversial.

[E] A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery. The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on, the team reported last week in the journal Science, contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it harmless. "Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years," marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia’s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, "but the prediction is that they never will." Deacon speculates that this "impotent" HIV may even be a natural inoculant that protects its carriers against more virulent strains of the virus.

[F] But few scientists are enthusiastic about testing the proposition by injecting HIV--however weakened--into millions of people who have never been infected. After all, they note, HIV is a retrovirus, a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to integrate their own genes into the DNA of the cells they infect. Thus once it takes effect, a retrovirus infection is permanent.

[G] About 15 years ago, a well-meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney, Australia, not knowing he has been exposed to HIV-1, the virus that causes AIDS. Much later, public health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions containing his blood had become infected with the same virus; presumably they were almost sure to die.

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