问题 单项选择题

东方式插花重视插花花艺作品与陈设环境的完美统一,这样,作品才能真正发挥装饰环境的()。

A、不良效果

B、难堪处境

C、艺术效果

D、不堪效果

答案

参考答案:C

阅读理解

Modern life is impossible without traveling. The fastest way of traveling is by plane. With a modern airliner(客机), you can travel in one day to places which needed a month or more to get to hundreds of years ago.

Traveling by train is slower than by plane, but you can see the places you are traveling through. Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining-cars. They even make the longest journey enjoyable(令人愉快的).

Some people prefer to travel by sea. You can visit many other countries or different parts of your country. Ships are not so fast as trains or planes, but traveling by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday.

Many people like to travel by car. You can make your own timetable. You can travel three or four hundred miles or only fifty or one hundred miles a day, just as you like. You can stop if there is something interesting, for example, at a good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or at a hotel to spend the night. That’s why traveling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usually take a train or a plane when they travel on business.

小题1:From the passage, we know the fastest way of traveling is________.

A.by train

B.by sea

C.by plane

D.by car小题2: If we travel by car, we can ________.

A.make the longest journey enjoyable

B.travel to a very far place in a few minutes

C.make our own timetable

D.visit many other countries小题3: The underlined word “They” in the passage refers to(指的是) ________.

A.modern trains in the country

B.the comfortable seats and dining-cars

C.the travelers on the modern trains

D.the slower ways of traveling小题4:When people travel on business, they usually take________.

A.a plane or a car

B.a car or a boat

C.a boat or a train

D.a train or a plane小题5:How many ways of traveling are mentioned in the passage?

A.Four.

B.Three.

C.Two.

D.Six.

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面的题。  

  人们在欣赏文艺复兴时期意大利画家达·芬奇的名画《蒙柳丽莎》时,会感到蒙娜丽莎的微笑时有时无。对此,科学家们有不同的解释。

  西班牙科学家奥特洛和帕布罗斯认为,这只是视觉误差所致,因为我们在注视她的时候,眼睛会向大脑输送不同的信息,他们是以人的眼睛视物的生理学和光学原理为依据的,这与美国科学家利文斯通的依据一样。但是,他们的具体解释则与利文斯通大相径庭。他们认为,视网膜上的视锥细胞和视杆细胞在向大脑传递不同的感觉信息或图像时,有时一种图像会掩盖或覆盖另一种图像,因而有时会看到蒙娜丽莎的微笑,有时却看不到。

  他们让志愿者在不同的位置和角度欣赏蒙娜丽莎,并说出各自在不同位置和角度所看到的图像和蒙娜丽莎的笑容变化。在距离很远时,志愿者看到的图像很微小,也很难分清其面部表情。随着距离接近,画面变大,他们开始看到笑容,画像越大,笑容越容易看到。这表明中央视锥细胞与外围枧杆细胞一样能向大脑传递笑容信息。这一解释与利文斯通的解释显然不同,因为利文斯通认为只有外围区的视杆细胞才能感受到蒙娜丽莎的微笑。

  然后,西班牙研究人员决定通过眼睛对光线明暗程度的感受,也就是视锥细胞(感受强光和彩色)和视杆细胞(感受弱光和黑白)的特点来观察蒙娜丽莎的微笑。研究人员让志愿者注视白色屏幕30秒后观赏画像,再注视黑色屏幕30秒后观赏画像。志愿者的感受是,他们在注视白色屏幕后更容易看到蒙娜丽莎的微笑。奥特洛和帕布罗斯认为,白屏减弱了视杆细胞的感光能力,才会让视锥细胞能够感知蒙娜丽莎的微笑。可见,视锥细胞能感知蒙娜丽莎的微笑,同时视杆细胞也可感觉到蒙娜丽莎的微笑。

  美国眼科专家康茨韦奇和泰勒通过研究发现,从视网膜至视觉皮质之问路径上的干扰因素也会决定人们看到的是笑容还是其他的表情。如果蒙娜丽莎的嘴角边的视觉干扰增加,如同电视屏幕中的雪花现象,就会让蒙娜丽莎看起来是在笑,但是在其嘴角的影像干扰如果减小,蒙娜丽莎看起来似乎就比较悲伤。这说明,即使是科学的解释,也会有不同的结论。

1.西班牙的奥特洛、帕布罗斯与美国的利文斯通对“蒙娜丽莎微笑之谜”的解释有哪些相同之处?主要分歧是什么?

                                                                                    

2.根掘文中表述,在哪几种情况下欣赏者更容易感受到蒙娜丽莎在微笑?

                                                                                    

3.自然科学家为破解蒙娜丽莎微笑之谜做出的种种努力,从艺术审美的角度看,是否有意义?请谈谈你的看法。