问题 填空题

填空:阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在文后第76至第85小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。

注意:每空不超过3个单词。

     What is eco-fashion? Eco-fashion is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers

two aspects of fashion-'ecological' and 'ethical' (伦理的). Ecological fashion usually refers to textile (织

物) and clothing production processes and the environmental issues (议题) surrounding them; ethical

fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes.

     What are the problems with fashion? Firstly, the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily.

Cotton-planting uses pesticides; sheep-farming and wool-cleaning contribute to global warming; synthetics-

making (人造纤维生产) brings about harmful waste. Secondly, every stage of clothing production has a

significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve harmful

chemicals. In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of

polluted water. Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects.

We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural

environment, and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.

     Then, how to solve the problems? To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power

and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce

their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting

sustainable (可持续使用的) materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste. On the

other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and

reducing clothing consumption.

     Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food

free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact,

choosing eco-fashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping

the health of the planet.

答案

1. Aspects/Two aspects 2. Working conditions 3. Problems 4. Sheep-farming and wool-cleaning 

5. Clothing production 6. in increasing quantities 7. Solutions 8. recycle 9. Consumers 

10. Reducing clothing consumption

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成1~4题。

管仲论

苏洵

  管仲相威公,霸诸侯,攘夷狄,终其身齐国富强,诸侯不敢叛。管仲死,竖刁、易牙、开方用。威公薨于乱,五公子争立,其祸蔓延,讫简公,齐无宁岁。

  夫功之成,非成于成之日,盖必有所由起;祸之作,不作于作之日,亦必有所由兆。故齐之治也,吾不曰管仲,而曰鲍叔。及其乱也,吾不曰竖刁、易牙、开方,而曰管仲。何则?竖刁、易牙、开方三子,彼固乱人国者,顾其用之者,威公也。夫有舜而后知放四凶,有仲尼而后知去少正卯。彼威公何人也?顾其使威公得用三子者,管仲也。仲之疾也,公问之相。当是时也,吾意以仲且举天下之贤者以对,而其言乃不过曰竖刁、易牙、开方三子,非人情,不可近而已。

  呜呼!仲以为威公果能不用三子矣乎?仲与威公处几年矣,亦知威公之为人矣乎?成公声不绝于耳,色不绝于目,而非三子者则无以遂其欲。彼其初之所以不用者,徒以有仲焉耳。一日无仲,则三子者可以弹冠而相庆矣。仲以为将死之言,可以絷威公之手足耶?夫齐国不患有三子,而患无仲。有仲,则三子者,三匹夫耳。不然,天下岂少三子之徒哉?虽威公幸而听仲,诛此三人,而其馀者,仲能悉数而去之耶?呜呼!仲可谓不知本者矣。因威公之问,举天下之贤者以自代,则仲虽死,而齐国未为无仲也。夫何患三子者?不言可也。

  五伯莫盛于威、文。文公之才,不过威公;其臣又皆不及仲。灵公之虐,不如孝公之宽厚。文公死,诸侯不敢叛晋。晋文公之余威,犹得为诸侯之盟主百馀年。何者?其君虽不肖,而尚有老成人焉。威公之薨也,一乱涂地,无惑也,彼独恃一管仲,而仲则死矣。

  夫天下未尝无贤者,盖有有臣而无君者矣。威公在焉,而曰天下不复有管仲者,吾不信也。仲之书,有记其将死论鲍叔、宾胥无之为人,且各疏其短,是其心以为数子者,皆不足以托国,而又逆知其将死,则其书诞谩不足信也。吾观史鰌,以不能进蘧伯玉而退弥子瑕,故有身后之谏;萧何且死,举曹参以自代。大臣之用心,固宜如此也。夫国以一人兴,以一人亡。贤者不悲其身之死,而忧其国之衰,故必复有贤者,而后可以死。彼管仲者,何以死哉?(选自《古文观止》)

  [注]①威公:即齐桓公。

1.对下列句子中加粗词的解释不正确的一项是(     )

A.霸诸侯,夷狄——攘:排斥、打击

B.简公,齐无宁岁——讫:终了,完毕

C.一乱涂地,无也——惑:疑惑,疑问

D.大臣之用心,宜如此也——固:本来

2.以下句子分别编成四组,全都是说“管仲死而齐国乱”的原因是与管仲临死前没有 “荐贤以代”有关的一组是(     )

①威公薨于乱,五公子争立,其祸蔓延,讫简公,齐无宁岁。

②仲之疾也,公问之相。

③而其言乃不过曰竖刁、易牙、开方三子,非人情,不可近而已。

④彼其初之所以不用者,徒以有仲焉耳。一日无仲,则三子者可以弹冠而相庆矣。

⑤威公之薨也,一乱涂地,无惑也,彼独恃一管仲,而仲则死矣。

⑥仲之书,有记其将死论鲍叔、宾胥无之为人。

A.①③⑤

B.③④⑤

C.②④⑥

D.①③④

3.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(     )

A.作者批评管仲临死之前未能向齐桓公荐举贤能之士以自代,以致死后桓公被竖刁、易牙、开方等小人包围,使齐国陷入混乱,无法再称霸诸侯。

B.作者还以晋国在文公死后有“老成人”执政为例来对照论述,以史鰌荐蘧伯玉、萧何荐曹参作对比证明。

C.历史上的管仲一向被当做贤臣的典范,本文却大做“翻案文章”,但言之有理,道前人所未道,以敏锐的眼光,委婉的语言,揭示了治理国家中的重要一环一一推荐贤人的问题。

D.全文逻辑严密,有论有据,析理精细,见识独特,很有说服力。

4.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)彼威公何人也?顾其使威公得用三子者,管仲也。

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(2)因威公之问,举天下之贤者以自代,则仲虽死,而齐国未为无仲也。

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单项选择题 A1/A2型题