问题 选择题

一个用绝缘材料制成的劲度系数为k的轻弹簧,一端固定,另一端与质量为m、带正电荷q的小球相连,静止在光滑绝缘水平面上,当加入如图所示的场强为E的匀强电场后,小球开始运动,下列说法正确的是(   )

A.小球的速度最大时,弹簧伸长为qE/k

B.小球的速度为零时,弹簧伸长为qE/k

C.运动过程中,小球的机械能守恒

D.运动过程中,小球的电势能、动能和弹簧的弹性势能相互转化

答案

AD

题目分析:小球处于平衡位置时,电场力与弹簧的弹力平衡,弹簧伸长了,此时小球的速度不是零,而是最大.故A正确,B错误.由题,水平面是光滑的,在运动过程中,小球的电势能、动能和弹簧的弹性势能互相转化,根据能量守恒定律可知,三者总量保持不变.C错误D正确;

故选AD

点评:求解振幅关键找到最大位移处与平衡位置之间的距离来确定.简谐运动常常利用对称性和周期性分析物理量的变化.

填空题
阅读理解

C

By far the most common difficulty in studying is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle (胡乱对付) along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.

Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did work out a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to change it frequently, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.

No doubt some students are more willing to accept a regular routine than others. There are many who shy away from a self-controlled weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a fixed program of work. Many able students state that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic, they work on it attentively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be admitted that we do not fully understand the motivation (动机)to work.. Most people over 25 years of age have become used to routine, and the majority of real productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important areas of their work. The “tough-minded” school doesn’t fully accept the idea that good work can only be done naturally, under the influence of inspiration.

Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of “freedom”. In fact, freedom from control and discipline(纪律)leads to unhappiness rather than to “self-expression” or “personality development”. Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality (准时), and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society, we have to meet its demands.

小题1:The most widespread problem in applying oneself to study is ______.

A.changing from one subject to another

B.the failure to keep to a set timetable of work

C.the unwillingness to follow a systematic plan

D.working on a subject only when one feels like it小题2:Which of the following is true?

A.Many students are not interested in using self-controlled timetable.

B.Many students don’t like being told to study to a fixed timetable.

C.Most people of over 25 years of age don’t work to a set timetable.

D.Tough-minded people agree that good job is done naturally小题3:The underlined part “as the fit takes them” in paragraph 4 probably means ______.

A.when they have the energy

B.when they are in the mood

C.when they feel fit

D.when they find conditions are suitable小题4:A suitable title for the passage might be ______.

A.Attitudes to Study

B.A study Plan

C.The Difficulties in Studying

D.Study and Self-discipline