问题 问答题

甲县前几年为发展山区农村经济,投巨资扶持农民栽苹果树,几年过去,苹果树刀:始大量结果,但由于品种以及土壤、气候等原因,该县所产苹果个小、味酸、色泽不好,因此,苹果的销路一向不好。该县有一个佳美罐头品厂,其生产的“佳美”牌苹果罐头和苹果汁销路很好,自从县政府有关部门要求该罐头厂采购本县苹果作原料以来,销量急剧下降。为了扭转这种局面,该厂决定从外地采购原料,于是与乙县某地号称“苹果大王”的种植专业户刘金龙签订了购买苹果的协议。1997年8月,刘金龙向罐头厂交付了第一批苹果,因品质优良,罐头厂非常满意,要求刘金龙继续向该厂提供苹果。因佳美罐头厂过去是甲县苹果最大的买家,现罐头厂不购买本县苹果作原料,对于本来就打不开销路的果农,更是雪上加霜,大量的苹果无人采摘,大批的苹果烂掉,果农纷纷找到政府想办法。1997年8月底,县政府一位副县长找到佳美厂厂长,要求该厂不要到外地购买苹果,用本地苹果做原料。佳美罐头厂基于企业利益,予以拒绝,县政府于是通知工商管理部门,要求其联合相关部门上路设卡堵截,禁止外地苹果进入本县市场。1997年9月2日,刘金龙按照合同的约定向佳美罐头厂交付第二批水果1万余斤,价值5000元,在路上被甲县工商部门截住,苹果被扣下,堆放在一农民的院坝里,无人看守。至9月中旬,甲县工商管理部门才许可刘金龙将苹果运往外地销售,此时,该批苹果由于霉烂、丢失,只剩1千余斤,刘金龙损失4500元。为了使这批苹果运往外地销售,刘金龙还支付各种费用2500元,佳美罐头厂也因原料短缺,被迫停工达两个星期,损失近8万元左右。1997年10月底,刘金龙向甲县人民法院提起诉讼,状告甲县工商管理部门。佳美罐头厂作为第三人参加了诉讼。
要求:根据上述资料,回答下列问题:
(1)甲县人民政府及其所属工商管理部门的行为性质如何
(2)原告刘金龙的哪些损失和费用可以请求人民法院判决甲县工商管理部门予以赔偿
(3)佳美罐头厂的损失能否直接请求甲县工商管理部门赔偿,为什么
(4)对于甲县人民政府及其所属工商管理部门,人民法院应作何处理

答案

参考答案:(1)《反不正当竞争法》规定,政府及其所属部门不得滥用行 * * 力,限定他人购买其指定的经营者的商品,限制其他经营者正当的经营活动。政府及其所属部门不得滥用行 * * 力,限制外地商品进入本地市场,或者本地商品流向外地市场。所以,甲县人民政府及其所属工商管理部门的行为是政府机构的限制正常市场竞争行为,为不正当竞争行为之一。
(2)刘金龙苹果直接损失4500元以及其因苹果被扣而支出的费用2500元可以一并请求甲县工商管理部门赔偿。《反不正当竞争法》规定,经营者违反本法规定,给被侵害的经营者造成损害的,应当承担损害赔偿责任,被侵害的经营者的损失难以计算的,赔偿额为侵权人在侵权期间因侵权所获得的利润;并应当承担被侵害的经营者因调查该经营者侵害其合法权益的不正当竞争行为所支付的合理费用。被侵害的经营者的合法权益受到不正当竞争行为损害的,可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
(3)佳美罐头厂的经济损失也可以直接请求甲县工商管理部门予以赔偿。因为该经济损失是由于甲县人民政府及其所属工商管理部门的不正当竞争行为直接造成的。《反不正当竞争法》规定,政府及其所属部门违反本法第7条规定,限定他人购买其指定的经营者的商品、限制其他经营者正当的经营活动;或者限制商品在地区之间正常流通的,由上级机关责令其改正;情节严重的,由同级或者上级机关对直接责任人员给予行政处分。被指定的经营者借此销售质次价高商品或者滥收费用的,监督检查部门应当没收违法所得,可以根据情节处以违法所得1倍以上3倍以下的罚款。
(4)甲县人民法院除判决被告依法承担民事责任,并可以对被告处以罚款外,还应当向甲县人民政府的上一级人民政府提出司法建议,建议甲县人民政府的上级人民政府责令甲县人民政府停止其限制竞争的不正当竞争行为,并给予有关责任人员以行政处分。

问答题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The climate of any place is the kind of weather. It usually has

over a long period of time. The houses we live in, the clothes we wear,

and the food we eat depend on the climate of the place where we live.

      Climate is a pattern that is not nearly as simple as we think,

and it is affected by many factors. The distance to the North or

South Pole or to the equator really matters a lot. If you live near

either of the poles, you live in a cold climate, for the place where

  you live does not get as much or as direct sunshine as a place

  farther away from the poles. In places close to the equator, the

climate is very hot, for they are the parts where the sun shines

almost straight down.

     Whether rain or snow falls makes a great difference to the

climate. In hot, dry deserts, little rain falls, but in a hot rainforest,

the amount (数量) of rainfalls is far larger than that in a desert, for

there is a heavy rain almost every day, even several times per day.

Though a rainforest and a desert may be the same distance from the

equator, their climates are rather different from each other.

      How much rain or snow falls is considered by some to be

determined by the winds, the surrounding mountains and the

currents (水流) in nearby seas and so on. In short, it is a very

complex natural phenomenon.

1. This passage mainly talks about   ____.    

A. weather

B. different climates

C. climate and its determining factors

D. the difference between weather and climate

2. From this passage, we know climate and weather are ____ and climate is ____.  

A. almost the same; the general term of weather

B. quite different; the average weather conditions at a particular place over a period of time

C. not the same; included by weather

D. very much alike; bigger and weather is smaller

3. The climates between a tropical(热带的) desert and a tropical rainforest are different in ____   .   

A. the amount of rainfalls

B. the winds and the surrounding mountains

C. the currents in nearby seas

D. how much sunshine the two different places can get

4. From the context, we can guess that the word "complex" means ____   . 

A. simple                        

B. easy to understand

C. rather                          

D. difficult to understand