问题 解答题

请你运用所学的生物学知识解答下列问题:

(1)糖尿病患者的原因是______,治疗的最有效措施是______.

(2)某同学坐车、船感到头晕、恶心,这与耳中有关的结构是______;他观看球赛,激动时心跳加快、面红耳赤,这与肾上腺分泌的______有关.

(3)在我市环境污染严重的临淄区,“春雨”不是正常的雨水而是酸雨. 造成此酸雨的原因主要是______;此外,______也是形成酸雨的重要原因,

(4)2006年全球气候变暖已成为人类关注的首要问题.这是人类将______等气体排放量增加而导致______的结果.

(5)如果人类控制和停止使用______,以及减少______的排放,是防止大气臭氧层破坏的关键.

答案

(1)人体内胰岛素分泌不足时,血糖合成糖元和血糖分解的作用就会减弱,结果会导致血糖浓度升高而超过正常值,一部分血糖就会随尿排出体外,形成糖尿.糖尿是糖尿病的特征之一,患糖尿病的人常表现出多尿、多饮、多食、消瘦和疲乏等症状,对患糖尿病的人,可以用注射胰岛素制剂来治疗,胰岛素制剂是蛋白质只能注射,不能口服,如果口服会被消化液消化掉而失去作用.

(2)耳的结构分为外耳、中耳和内耳.外耳包括耳廓和外耳道,耳廓收集并引导声波传至外耳道,外耳道引导声波传至鼓膜;中耳包括鼓膜、鼓室和听小骨,鼓膜可以把声波的振动转为机械性振动,听小骨把鼓膜的振动扩大并传到内耳;内耳包括半规管、前庭和耳蜗,半规管和前庭内有感受头部位置变动的位觉(平衡觉)感受器,前者引起旋转感觉,后者引起位置感觉和变速感觉.前庭及半规管过敏的人,会在直线变速及旋转变速运动时,传入冲动引起中枢有关部位过强的反应,导致头晕、恶心、呕吐、出汗等,这就是通常说的晕车、晕船.在耳蜗内有听觉感受器,可以感受振动刺激,产生神经冲动.当你情绪激动时,大脑皮层就会特别兴奋,并通过支配肾上腺的神经促使肾上腺分泌较多的肾上腺素等.这些激素能够促使心跳加快、血压升高,并且促使皮肤因血管扩张而显得面红耳赤

(3)酸雨的成分是硫酸和水,二氧化硫是造成酸雨的主要原因,我国的酸雨主要是大量燃烧含硫高的煤而形成的,此外,各种机动车排放的尾气也是形成酸雨的重要原因,酸雨的pH值小于5.6.

(4)二氧化碳在大气中含量的增多,导致冰川融化、海平面升高、土地干旱、厄尔尼诺现象频发等一系列气候问题,这就是由二氧化碳等气体增多导致气候变暖形成的温室效应.

(5)氟利昂是臭氧层破坏的元凶,氟里昂在常温下都是无色气体或易挥发液体,略有香味,低毒,化学性质稳定.常被当作制冷剂、发泡剂和清洗剂,广泛用于家用电器、泡沫塑料、日用化学品、汽车、消防器材等领域.含氮废气的大量排放也会破坏臭氧层.

故答案为:(1)胰岛素分泌不足;注射胰岛素制剂 (2)半规管和前庭;肾上腺激素(3)大量燃烧含硫量高的煤;各种机动车排放的尾气 (4)二氧化碳;温室效应(5)氟利昂;含氮废气

多项选择题
阅读理解

The American book Who Moved My Cheese has bee a bestseller all over the world. It teaches people how to face changes in their lives. Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teens. The book tells us that when facing change in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don't be afraid. Instead, use this change to make a better life. The book gives an example of a change at school. A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students.

Several teens are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris is not. He laughs and tells a story about two mice, two “little people” and some cheese.

The four are in amaze looking for the cheese. Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college. But they find the cheese is gone. The mice realize that they can’t change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people, however, can’t do this. They are afraid of change so they find no cheese

After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing: to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly. His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.

小题1:The book Who Moved My Cheese is __________.

A.read across the world

B.written all over the world

C.sold only in America

D.loved only by teens小题2:What does the text mainly discuss?

A.Never change in our life.

B.Change when you like to do.

C.Change with the changes.

D.Pay attention to the changes,小题3:The underlined word “four”(paragraph 3)refers to __________.

A.Mice and little people

B.Students

C.Cheese

D.Readers小题4:In our lives, we should learn from __________.

A.Mice

B.Little people

C.Chris

D.Spence Johnson小题5:Which of the following statements is true?

A.The author is Britain.

B.There are three terms in every school.

C.Most teens don't understand Chris' story.

D.The book tells teens how to face changes in their lives.