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     When a crisis (危机) develops in the world, Doctors Without Borders is usually there to help. This

organization provides emergency care to victims of armed conflict, natural and manmade disasters, and

fast-spreading diseases. The group also assists people who have no other way to receive health care. It

trains local health workers, provides mental health care, and organizes nutrition and other programs.

     Doctors Without Borders is also known by its French name, Medecins Sans Frontieres. A group of

doctors from France started the organization in 1971. They said they felt strongly that race, religion and

political beliefs should not prevent someone from receiving health care. They also said the medical needs

of individuals were more important than national borders.

     Doctors Without Borders is also working to get medicines to poor people. It is involved in a new drug

research organization in Geneva. The effort is called the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative. Research

centers in Brazil, France, India, Kenya and Malaysia are also involved.

     The organizers say drug companies have forgotten about the diseases that affect millions of people in

developing countries. Scientists will seek new drugs to treat diseases like sleeping sickness and

leishmaniasis [(医)利什曼病(尤指黑热病)]. Both are spread by insects. What should be done is to spend

about two-hundred-fifty-million dollars over the next ten years to develop new treatments for these and

other diseases.

      In 1999, Doctors Without Borders won the Nobel Peace Prize. The group was recognized for its work

in the conflicts in Kosovo and East Timor.