问题 综合题

(15分)【近代社会的民主思想与实践】

材料 1849年3月28日,法兰克福议会……通过并颁布了帝国宪法,即所谓《法兰克福宪法》,并选举普鲁士国王威廉四世为帝国皇帝。根据宪法,德意志帝国由36个邦组成,各邦在内政上独立;帝国首脑称为“德意志人的皇帝”,拥有任命内阁、宣战、媾和、解散议会的权力;……帝国议会是最高立法机关,由两院组成,下院称人民院,每三年经普遍、平等、直接和秘密选举产生,上院称国家院,由各邦代表组成;帝国议会通过的法律皇帝不能否决,只能拖延执行。

但威廉四世却拒绝承认该宪法和接受皇冠,其他一些大邦尤其是南德诸邦也拒不承认它。在此情况下,法兰克福议会……在全德掀起了轰轰烈烈的“维护帝国宪法运动“。然而,当广大人民通过浴血奋战来保卫帝国宪法的时候,法兰克福议会中那些软弱的资产阶级议员却并没有与革命人民站在一起进行斗争,而是仍寄希望于普鲁士国王。5月14日,普鲁士全权代表来到法兰克福,要求把帝国执政的位子移交给普鲁士国王,并宣布该议会通过的一切法律包括宪法无效。……在各邦政府军和普鲁士军队的联合 * * 下,这场“护宪运动“很快就失败了。

--蒋锐《德国宪政民主制度的曲折发展》

(1)根据材料,分析《法兰克福宪法》体现的政治原则。(6分)

(2)1849年的宪政尝试失败了,结合材料及所学知识分析其原因。(9分)

答案

(1)实行代议制;采用君主立宪制政体;帝国议会拥有独立的立法权;帝国皇帝世袭产生。

(2)各邦当权的贵族并不愿放弃特权而实行议会制的宪政原则;资产阶级议员的软弱;德国缺乏一个统一的国家 * * 来推行宪法;资本主义经济发展不充分;专制势力强大。

           

题目分析:

(1)根据材料“...并选举普鲁士国王威廉四世为帝国皇帝...拥有任命内阁、宣战、媾和、解散议会的权力;……帝国议会是最高立法机关,由两院组成...法兰克福议会中那些软弱的资产阶级议员却并没有与革命人民站在一起进行斗争,而是仍寄希望于普鲁士国王...”,即可概括出《法兰克福宪法》体现的政治原则。

(2)结合材料“然而,当广大人民通过浴血奋战来保卫帝国宪法的时候,法兰克福议会中那些软弱的资产阶级议员却并没有与革命人民站在一起进行斗争...在各邦政府军和普鲁士军队的联合 * * 下,这场“护宪运动”很快就失败了。”,再从阶级力量、经济水平、敌人力量等角度分析其原因。

知识拓展:法兰克福国民议会之与1848年德意志革命的失败,严重阻碍了自由主义在德国的发展。不少人明白到军力对于统一德国的重要。在后来,俾斯麦在1862年出任普鲁士首相后,普鲁士便借助大好形势,以“铁血政策”统一德意志。自由主义未能在1848年开花结果,而取而代之的是信服权威、崇尚武力的民族主义。国民议会之失败间接造成德国缺乏民主经验的弊病。

阅读理解

Danielle Steel,America’s sweetheart,is one of the hardest working women in the book business.Unlike other productive authors who write one book at a time,she can work on up to five.Her research alone before writing takes at least three years.Once she has fully studied her subjects,ready to dive into a book,she can spend twenty hours nonstop at her desk.

Danielle Steel comes from New York and was sent to France for her education.After graduation,she worked in the public relations and advertising industries.Later she started a job as a writer which she was best fit for.Her achievements are unbelievable:390 million copies of books in print,nearly fifty New York Times best-selling novels, and a series of “Max and Martha” picture books for children to help them deal with the real-life problems of death,new hobbies and new schools. Her 1998 book about the death of her son shot to the top of the New York Times best-selling list as soon as it came out.Twenty-eight of her books have been made into films.She is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for one of her books being the Times best-seller for 381 weeks straight.

Not content with a big house,a loving family,and a view of the Golden Gate Bridge, Danielle Steel considers her readers to be the most important resource(资源) and has kept in touch with them by e-mail.While she is often compared to the heroines(女主人公) of her own invention,her life is undoubtedly much quieter.But,if she does have anything in common with them,it is her strength of will and her inimitable style.There is only one Danielle Steel.

小题1:Danielle Steel is different from other writers in that        .

A.she can write several books at the same time

B.she often does some research before writing a book

C.she is one of the most popular American women writers

D.she can keep writing for quite a long time without a break小题2:Children who have read “Max and Martha” picture books may know        .

A.how to deal with affairs at school

B.what to do if Max and Martha die

C.what to do when new babies are born into their families

D.how to solve the difficult problems in their writing classes小题3:One of Danielle Steel’ achievements is that        .

A.some TV plays were based on her books

B.her picture books attracted a lot of young men

C.one of her books became a best-seller in 1998

D.she wrote the Guinness Book of World Records小题4:We can learn from the passage that Danielle Steel   .

A.lives an exciting life

B.values her readers a lot

C.writes about quiet women

D.is pleased with her achievements小题5:What does the underlined word “inimitable” mean?

A.hardworking

B.attractive

C.strange

D.unique

单项选择题