阅读理解。

     Pregnancy(妊娠) and childbirth kill more than 536,000 women a year. More than half of the cases

happened in Africa, according to the World Health Organization. In fact, most of the deaths are

preventable with basic medical care.

    The five leading causes are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, longtime labor and bad

abortions (流产). Mothers' deaths from such causes were largely reduced nearly a century ago in

developed countries.

    Experts say that what kill many women are "the three delays",   the woman's delay in deciding to go

to the hospital, the time she loses traveling there and the hospital's delay in starting treatment. Only

about 15 percent of births have dangerous complications(并发症).

    Women lack education and information about birth control. Husbands and inlaws may decide where

a woman gives birth and insist that she stay at home to save money. However, there is no single solution

to a problem with so many factors shortages of doctors, nurses, drugs, equipment, roads and

transportation-though hospital officials are trying many things now.

    One stopgap measure to solve the problem for the present has been to train assistant medical officers,

to perform certain operations. Some African countries are now struggling to train more assistants and

midwives(接生婆), and provide places for pregnant women to stay near hospitals.

    But there is a long way to go. Only 20 percent of women in the continent give birth at the hospital.

More than 50 percent stay at home to give birth, and the rest go to local clinics that cannot handle

emergencies.

1. Which is not included in the five leading causes of women's     deaths during pregnancy and childbirth? 

A. Infection.

B. High blood pressure.

C. Traveling long distances.

D. Bleeding.

2. The underlined word "stopgap" probably means "________" in     the passage.

A. final      

B. temporary

C. effective    

D. instant

3. What can we learn from this passage?

A. Most problems that cause women's deaths during pregnancy and childbirth can be

     treated or prevented.

B. Developed countries should help African countries reduce mothers' deaths.

C. The husbands in poor countries should take responsibility for their wives' deaths.

D. The governments of African countries have to take more effective measures to save pregnant women.

4. What is the author's attitude towards the future of preventing women's deaths during pregnancy

     and childbirth? 

A. Positive.                

B. Negative.

C. Objective.                

D. Subjective.