问题 综合题

(15分)中外历史人物评说

材料一 (朱)熹少时,慨然有求道之志。……故熹之学既博求之经传,复遍交当世有识之士。……其为学,大抵穷理以致其知,反躬以践其实,而以居敬为主。尝谓圣贤道统之传散在方册,圣经之旨不明,而道统之传始晦,于是竭其精力,以研穷圣贤之经训。所著书有:《大学中庸章句》、《论语孟子集注》、《楚辞集注》、《辩证》、《韩文考异》……;所编次有:《论孟集议》、《孟子指要》、《中庸辑略》……平生为文凡一百卷,生徒问答凡八十卷,别录十卷。

材料二 陆九渊……三四岁,问其父天地何所穷际,父笑而不答,遂深思,至忘寝食。……初读《论语》,既疑有子之言支离。他日读古书,至“宇宙”二字,解者曰“四方上下曰宇,往古来今曰宙”,忽大省曰:“宇宙内事乃己分内事,己分内事乃宇宙内事。”又尝曰:“东海有圣人出焉,此心同也,此理同也。至西海、南海、北海有圣人出,亦莫不然。千百世之上有圣人出焉,此心同也,此理同也。至于千百世之下有圣人出此心理,亦无不同也。”或劝九渊著书,曰:“《六经》注我,我注《六经》。”又曰:“学苟知道,《六经》皆我注脚。”

(1)根据材料一、二,概括比较朱熹和陆九渊治学的不同之处(9分)

(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,指出朱熹和陆九渊思想的相同之处。概括他们对儒学发展的突出贡献(6分)

答案

(1)朱熹幼年求学重博览群书、广交名士,陆九渊侧重独立思考;朱熹治学强调格物穷理,恭敬笃行,陆九渊治学则强调内心反省、探求真理;朱熹重视著书立说,陆九渊则认为《六经》皆我注脚。(9分)

(2)相同之处:都是唯心主义。(2分)贡献:朱熹和陆九渊融合了佛道思想来解释儒家义理;形成了以理为核心的新儒学体       

       

题目分析:

(1)根据材料“(朱)熹少时...故熹之学既博求之经传,复遍交当世有识之士。……其为学,大抵穷理以致其知,反躬以践其实,而以居敬为主...以研穷圣贤之经训。所著书有:《大学中庸章句》..陆九渊...至‘宇宙’二字,解者曰‘四方上下曰宇,往古来今曰宙’...千百世之上有圣人出焉,此心同也,此理同也。至于千百世之下有圣人出此心理,亦无不同也...《六经》皆我注脚。”即可概括朱熹和陆九渊治学的不同点。      

(2)根据“(朱)熹...尝谓圣贤道统之传散在方册,圣经之旨不明,而道统之传始晦,于是竭其精力,以研穷圣贤之经训...陆九渊...千百世之上有圣人出焉,此心同也,此理同也...”即可发现两者都是唯心主义,其贡献结合教材原文内容回答即可。

单项选择题
阅读理解

B

Whether rich or poor, we all have problems: that unfaithful mate, that annoying colleague, that persistent(持久的) disease, and the investment that is turning into a huge loss.

How can we remain calm, positive and even elegant in the face of all these difficulties of

life?

The following suggestions may help.

It comes with the pay. I have a friend who used to complain about her dead-end job and

unreasonable boss. Sounds familiar? One day I told her, "Look at it this way. You are getting

paid for the annoyance as well as the work. It comes with the pay. "

This has become my favorite saying for work-related frustrations. "Take every day as a bo-

nus. " When we learn to treasure every moment of what we have, we begin to see life in a whole

new attitude.

It's all in the mind. Sure, the psychologists tell us it is important that we work at resol-

ving problems. But they also say if you try to resolve a problem that would not go away, it would

only compound(使更复杂) the frustration.

If you tell yourself there isn' t a problem, there won' t be one. It is all in the mind.

Stop thinking about your own problem-help others instead. A lady who is struggling a

life-threatening disease showed she coped with her illness by making herself useful, by offering

help to others in a similar situation.

She has spoken to at least five other women with breast cancer. She says that the sharing

has helped her to find fresh meaning in her own life.

Never give up on your dream. Why do we give in or give up when we meet difficulities?

ls it because we have no confidenee in our cause and no commitment (承担义务)for what we

pursue?

One strong-hearted lady was the late head of the tragic Kennedy family, Rose Kennedy.

She said this on nationwide television one week after losing yet another son to assassin's( 暗杀者) bullet--Boddy Kennedy:"And we go on our way with no regrets not looking backwards to

the past, but we shall carry on with courage. "

Not the end of the world. Do you know something else? I' ve learned that care as you

might, love as,you might, some people don't care back.

And it is not the end of the world. After all, it's not the event that makes a person, is it?

It's what we do about what happens to us.

It was said that Albert Einstein' s last request on his death bed was to be given his equa-

tions(方程式) and his unfinished statement. Einstein first picked up his equations and lament-

ed(悲叹) to his son, "if only I had more mathematics!" What a great persistent spirit!

45. All of the followings are wrong EXCEPT_____.

A. some people have many problems while some have none

B. Albert Einstein pursued his dream till the last minute of his life

C. Rose Kennedy must be a timid (缺乏自信的) woman

D. we shouldn' t love those who don' t care about us

46. The passage is intended to inform the readers_____ .

A. how to face problems                       B. how to resolve problems

C. how to hold on to your dreams              D. how to help others

47. By saying "Take every day as a bonus", the author is trying to tell us __.

A. we should get a bonus every day     B. we should treasure every day in our life

C. we should make advances every day  D. we should enjoy ourselves every day

48. The last paragraph of the passage is out of place; it should be put under the subtitle of_____.

A. It comes with the pay                      B. It' s all in the mind

C. Never give up on your dream               D. Not the end of the world