问题 填空题

(12分) 实验室可由软锰矿(主要成分为 MnO2)制备 KMnO4,方法如下:软锰矿与过量固体 KOH 和 KClO3在高温下反应,生成锰酸钾(K2MnO4)和 KCl;用水溶解,滤去残渣,滤液酸化后,K2MnO4转变为MnO2和 KMnO4;滤去MnO2沉淀,浓缩滤液,结晶得到深紫色的针状KMnO4请回答:

(1)软锰矿制备K2MnO4的化学方程式是                                  

(2)K2MnO4制备KMnO4的离子方程式是                                  

(3)配平氧化还原反应方程式:

__ C2O42+__MnO4+__H=__CO2+__Mn2+__H2O

(4)称取6.0 g含H2C2O4·2H2O、KHC2O4和K2SO4的试样,加水溶解,配成250mL溶液。量取两份此溶液各25.00 mL,分别置于两个锥形瓶中。

①第一份溶液中加入酚酞试液,滴加0.25 mol·L1NaOH溶液至20.00 mL时,溶液由无色变为浅红色。该溶液被中和的H的物质的量为___mol。

②第二份溶液中滴加0.10 mol·L1的酸性高锰酸钾溶液至16.00 mL时反应完全,此时溶液颜色由__变为__。该溶液中还原剂的物质的量为___mol。

③原试样中H2C2O4·2H2O的质量分数为_____。

答案

(1)3MnO2+6KOH+KClO3=3K2MnO4+KCl+3H2O(2分)

(2)3MnO42-+4H+=MnO2+2MnO4-+2H2O(2分) (3)5  2   16  10   2   8(2分)

(4)①0.005(1分) ②无色(1分)  橙红色(1分)  0.004 (1分)③ 21% (2分)

(1)根据原子守恒可知,含有水生成。再依据电子的得失守恒可知,方程式为3MnO2+6KOH+KClO3=3K2MnO4+KCl+3H2O

(2)在酸性条件下,锰酸钾生成二氧化锰和高锰酸钾,根据原子守恒可知,还有水生成,因此该反应的方程式是3MnO42-+4H+=MnO2+2MnO4-+2H2O。

(3)根据方程式可知,Mn元素的化合价从+7价降低到+2价,得到5个电子。碳元素的化合价从+3价升高到+4价,失去1个电子,所以根据电子的得失守恒可知,氧化剂和还原剂的物质的量之比是2︰5,因此系数分别是5  2   16  10   2   8。

(4)①氢氧化钠的物质的量是0.25 mol·L1×0.020L=0.005mol,所以被中和的氢离子也是0.005mol。

②由于酸性高锰酸钾溶液显紫红色,所以终点时的现象是溶液颜色由无色变为紫红色。消耗高锰酸钾是0.0016mol,所以根据方程式可知,还原剂的物质的量是0.004mol。

③设H2C2O4·2H2O、KHC2O4的物质的量分别是和x和y,则x+y=0.004mol×10,2x+y=0.005mol×10,解得x=0.01mol,y=0.03mol,所以原试样中H2C2O4·2H2O的质量分数为

单项选择题
单项选择题

What’s your earliest childhood memory Can you remember learning to walk Or talk The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.

A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that the hippo-campus; the region of the brain which is (5) for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults don’t think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fit the (11) . It’s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.

Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren’t any early childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else’s spoken description of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long-term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17) --Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.

Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。

1()

A.figure

B.interpret

C.recall

D.affirm