问题 填空题

气化和液化是使煤变成清洁能源的有效途径。煤的气化的主要反应是:C+H2O(g)CO+H2,CO和H2的混合气体是合成多种有机物的原料气,研究由CO、H2合成有机物的化学称为一碳化学。下图是合成某些物质的路线图:

其中,D易溶于水,且与CH3COOH互为同分异构体,F分子中的碳原子数是D中的3倍,H经催化氧化可得到G。请回答下列问题:

(1)写出下列物质的结构简式:A:      ,H:       ,指出A和H的关系     

(2)利用合成气(H2+CO)生产汽油、甲醇和氨等已经实现了工业化,合成气也可合成醛、酸、酯等多种产物,下列表述正确的是     

①以合成气为原料的反应都是化合反应

②改变合成气中CO与H2的体积比,可得到不同的产物

③合成气的转化反应需在适当的温度和压强下通过催化完成

④从合成气出发生成气态烃或醇类有机物是实现“煤变油”的有效途径

⑤以合成气为原料的反应产物中不可能有烯烃或水

A.①②④

B.②③④

C.②④⑤

D.③④⑤(3)写出下列反应的化学方程式:

①CH3COOH+E―→F:____________________________________________。

②D与新制氢氧化铜悬浊液加热:___________________________________。

答案

(1)CH3OH CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 同系物

(2)B

(3)①2CH3COOH+HOCH2CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3+2H2O

②HOCH2CHO+2Cu(OH)2HOCH2COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O

由D与CH3COOH互为同分异构体,故分子式为C2H4O2,D能和H2反应,E和CH3COOH发生酯化反应生成F,故D的结构简式为HO—CH2—CHO,E为。由ABC衍变关系,可知A为CH3OH,C为HCOOH,故H应为CH3CH2CH2CH2OH。因H可催化氧化生成G,故G为CH3CH2CH2CHO。

多项选择题
改错题

下面文中共有10处语言错误,要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(/\),并在该句下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改 后的词。

注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

例如:                                    

It was very nice to get your invitation to spend /\ weekend with you. Luckily I was 

the                        am

completely free then, so I’ll to say “yes”. I’ll arrive in Bristol at around 8 pm in Friday

on

evening.

 

Most of the large cities in the world have grown without plans, among that London is such a city.

Its streets wind its way and there is no reason or order to its street numbering system. Indeed,

no one but a practical taxi driver knows the whole of London. And before he gets his license, he

must first tour the city for month, street by street, and then take a test to prove that whether he can find

his way about. New York and Chicago grew in much the same way. They spread out like pouring water

expanding at all directions.

However, there are a few modern cities built strict according to detailed plans. The prime

example of a city planning and built from scratch in twentieth century is Brasilia, the new capital of

Brazil.