问题 填空题

按要求填空:

(1)拆开1mol H-H键,1mol N-H键,1mol N≡N键分别需要吸收的能量为436kJ,391kJ,946kJ.则理论上1mol N2生成NH3______热量(填:“吸收”或“放出”)______kJ;事实上,反应的热量总小于理论值,理由是______.

(2)X、Y两元素能形成XY2型化合物,XY2中共有38个电子,若XY2是离子化合物,其化学式是______;若XY2是共价化合物其结构式是______.

(3)第三周期内,X、Y两元素的原子序数之差为4,它们组成的XY型化合物,其电子式为______.

(4)某非金属X的最高正价为+m,它的最高价氧化物对应的水化物中有b个氧原子,则这种酸的化学式是______.

(5)X元素的最高正价和负价绝对值之差为6,Y元素和X元素原子的次外电子层上都有8个电子,X和Y形成的化合物YX2在水溶液中能电离出电子层结构相同的离子,用电子式表示该化合物的形成过程______.

答案

反应热=吸收的总能量-放出的总能量,所以1mol N2生成NH3的反应热=946kJ+3×436kJ-2×3×391kJ=-92kJ,所以是放出热量,该反应是可逆反应,反应物不能完全转化为生成物,即充分反应的最终结果是达到最大限度,所以放出的热量总是小于理论计算值,

故答案为:放出;92;该反应是可逆反应,充分反应的最终结果是达到最大限度(即化学平衡状态),因此放出的热量总是小于理论计算值;

(2)XY2是离子化合物,X必然是2价的元素(不可能是4价的C和Si),由于X离子比Y离子多一个电子层,即X原子与Y原子相差3层电子,因此X只能是Ca,Y可以是F、O、C,但是只有CaF2恰好是38电子,满足题意,因此XY2是CaF2,如果XY2是共价化合物,则X必然是4价元素或者Be,通过电子计算,不难发现只有CS2满足要求.二硫化碳的结构式为:S=C=S.

故答案为:CaF2;S=C=S;

(3)X、Y两元素的原子序数之差为4,它们组成的XY型化合物,则可以看成A是+2价,第ⅡA族的镁;B是-2价,为第ⅥA族的硫,所组成的化合物是硫化镁,属于离子化合物,电子式为:Mg2++

故答案为:Mg2++

(4)氢元素化合价是+1价,氧元素的化合价是-2价,非金属X的最高正价为+m,设氢原子的数目是x,根据化合价守则,则x+m+(-2)×b=0,所以氢原子个数为2b-m,即酸的化学式是H(2b-m)XOb,故答案为:H(2b-m)XOb

(5)根据题意,Y元素最高正价与最低负价的绝对值之差是6,则Y最高正价为+7,Y为Cl元素,再由Y元素与M元素形成离子化合物且在水中电离出电子层结构相同的离子,推出M为第四周期的金属元素,可能Ca元素,该化合物为CaCl2,属于离子化合物,CaCl2的形成过程可以表示为:

+Ca2++

故答案为:

+Ca2++

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     During the summer holidays there will be a changed schedule of services for the students. Changes for

dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be put up on the wall outside of the

dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules will be put up each Wednesday outside of the student club.

     In the summer holidays. buses going to the town centre will leave the gate every hour on the half hour

during the day. The dining room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm during the week and

two meals from noon to 7:00 pm on weekends. The library will be open at its usual hours during the week,

but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 pm.

     Students must have a new summer card if you want to use the library lending services. This

announcement will also be seen in the nest week`s student newspaper.

1. This announcement is to ______.

A. tell students of important schedule changes

B. tell students of new bus and library services

C. show the excellent services for students

D. ask students to change their library cards

2. From this passage we know ______.

A. there is a film each week in the student club

B. there is a film or a concert each week in the student club

C. there is a film or a concert on every Wednesday in the student club

D. there will be no changes about the schedules of the weekly film and concert during the summer holidays

3. At which of the following times will the bus leave the gate?

A. 8:00, 9:00,10:00, 11:00

B. 8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30

C. 8:00, 9:00, 10:30, 11:00

D. 8:00, 9:30, 10:00, 11:30

4. In the summer holidays, the library will have ______.

A. no special hours

B. special hours on weekdays

C. special hours on weekends

D. special hours both on weekdays and weekends

5. We may know that during the summer holidays _______.

A. Few students will stay in the university

B. No breakfast will be served on weekends

C. The student newspaper will sell more copies

D. There will be a concert or a film each Wednesday

多项选择题