The inhalation (吸入) of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and ___50___ cancer. Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the wall of the alveoli, causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs. The lung ___51___ its elasticity and may change shape. The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness. In its ___52___ stages, sufferers develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema, cyanosis, (where the skin takes a bluish ___53___ ) and club fingers. Lung cancer, the generic ___54___ for malignant tumors（肿瘤）of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly ___55___ to the inhalation of asbestos particles. As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of inactiveness which may ___56___ from 25 to 30 years after initial exposure, despite the ___57___of further exposure. Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos ___58___the incidence of lung cancer. Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further ___59___ by cigarette smoking. Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer than workers who do not ___60___. Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to producemesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura. In a normal population the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely ___61___. Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to ___62___ exposure. ___63___ changes in lung tissue caused by exposure to asbestos are pleural plaques and effusions. The former refer to a thickening of the lining of the chest wall, ___64___ the latter consists of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs. Pleural plaques commonly remain undiagnosed and generally have no detrimental effect on health.
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小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B
小题5:B
小题6:A
小题7:D
小题8:C
小题9:A
小题10:D
小题11:C
小题12:B
小题13:B
小题14:D
小题15:C
文章讲述的是石棉肺癌的各种原因。
小题1:上下文，根据前一句a number of lung diseases可知，该处的疾病与lung有关系
小题2:上下文，根据前一句limits the functioning of the lungs可知，肺部功能受限，即减退，所以此处填减少了灵活性，弹性
小题3:上下文，根据上文The initial symptoms可知，此处是后来的发展阶段的
小题4:上下文，根据bluish可知，此处填的是颜色
小题5:lung cancer 肺癌，是一个专有名词，即term
小题6:be directly related to与……有直接的；联系
小题7:上下文，根据from 25 to 30可知，此处填的是extend延伸
小题8:上下文，根据despite可知，此处填的词与前面的after initial exposure是相反的，所以是……的缺少/缺失
小题9:固定搭配。Between ……and ……
小题10:上下文，根据后文a 90% greater risk of catching lung 可知，危险增加了
小题11:上下文，根据前一句Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer可知，
小题12:上下文，根据后一句Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease，此处讲的肯定是少的病例。
小题13:上下文，上文一直在讲肺癌与asbestos石棉的关系
小题14:根据下文可知，此处讲的原因与前面的不一样，所以是其他的原因。
小题15:根据the former.....the latter可知，此处指对比，所以选whereas 然而。