问题 选择题

材料是人类赖以生存的重要物质基础。下列有关材料的说法中正确的是[     ]

A.生活中的玻璃、陶瓷、水泥属于无机硅酸盐材料,其生产原料都需要使用石灰石

B.合金材料钢铁里的铁和碳在潮湿的空气中因构成许多原电池而易发生电化学腐蚀

C.居室装修材料如化纤地毯、三合板、花岗岩等均会释放出污染空气的甲醛气体

D.造成“白色污染”的聚氯乙烯塑料在日常生活中可用来进行食品包装

答案

答案:B

实验题

(9分)用如图所示的实验装置验证机械能守恒定律。实验所用的电源为学生电源,输出电压为6V的交流电和直流电两种。重锤从高处由静止开始下落,打点计时器在重锤拖着的纸带上打出一系列的点,对纸带上的点痕进行测量,即可验证机械能守恒定律。

(1)下面列举了该实验的几个操作步骤:

A.按照图示的装置安装器件;

B.将打点计时器接到电源的“直流输出”上;

C.用天平测出重锤的质量;

D.先接通电源,后释放纸带,打出一条纸带;

E.测量纸带上某些点间的距离;    

F.根据测量的结果计算重锤下落过程中减少的重力势能是否等于增加的动能。

其中没有必要进行的步骤是            ,操作不当的步骤是          

(2)利用这个装置也可以测量重锤下落的加速度a的数值。根据打出的纸带,选取纸带上的连续的五个点A、B、C、D、E,测出各点之间的距离如图所示。使用交流电的频率为,则计算重锤下落的加速度的表达式=         。(用表示)

(3)在验证机械能守恒定律的实验中发现,重锤减小的重力势能总是大于重锤增加的动能,其主要原因是重锤和纸带下落过程中存在阻力作用,可以通过该实验装置测阻力的大小。若已知当地重力加速度为g,还需要测量的物理量是         。试用这些物理量和纸带上的数据符号表示重锤和纸带在下落的过程中受到的平均阻力大小=_________________。

阅读理解

In 1963,former Senator Gaylord Nelson began to worry about our planet (A senator is a person that the people of the United States have chosen to help make the laws.). Senator Nelson knew that our world was getting dirty and that many of our plants and animals were dying .He wondered why most people weren’t trying to solve these problems. He talked to other lawmakers and to the President. They decided that the President would go around the country and tell people about these concerns(关系重大之事). He did, but still not enough people were working on the problem.

Then, in 1969, Senator Nelson had another idea. He decided to have a special day to teach everyone about the things that needed changing in our environment .He wrote letters to all of the colleges and put a special article in Scholastic Magazine to tell them about the special day he had planned (Most of the schools got this magazine) and he knew that kids would help him.

On April 22,1970, the first Earth Day was held .People all over the country made promises to help the environment. Everyone got involved and since then, Earth Day has spread all over the planet. People all over the world know that there are problems we need to work on and this is our special day to look at the planet and see what needs changing. Isn’t it great? One person had an idea and kept working until everyone began working together to solve it. See what happens when people care about our world?

小题1:The passage mainly talks about _________.

A.the importance of Earth Day

B.the person who planned the Earth Day

C.the history of Earth Day

D.the first Earth Day小题2:Why did Senator Gaylord Nelson worry about our planet?_________

A.The world was getting dirty.

B.Many plants and animals were dying.

C.Few people cared about the earth.

D.All of the above.小题3:From the text, we know that _________ helped him most .

A.the president

B.the other lawmakers

C.the colleges

D.the students小题4:It took Nelson ______ years to get the people pay much attention to the earth.

A.10

B.7

C.6

D.1