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经济区域概念的三种代表性观点?

答案

参考答案:

三种代表性观点:⑴全俄中央执行委员会直属经济区划问题委员会(1922):区域是国家的一个特殊的经济上尽可能完整的地区。这种地区由于自然特点、以往的文化积累和居民及其生产活动能力的结合而成为国民经济总链条中的一个环节。这是最早从经济学角度对区域概念进行界定,一直沿用至今。⑵美国区域经济学家胡佛(1970):区域是基于描述、分析、管理计划或制定政策而作为一个应用性整体加以考虑的一片地区。它既可以根据内部的均质性划界,也可以看作是一个结节区,它有一个专业化的城市中心来满足全区的需要。这是按照内部同质性或功能一体化原则划分。⑶我国学者:区域是有内聚力的地区。它是通过选择与特定问题相关的特征并排除不相关的特征而制定的,即区域包含的地区具有同质性,经济上有密切的相关性、协调运转的整体性、相互交叉的渗透性。这种定义强调了区域内事物同质性的一面,是比较狭义的说法。

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Ben walked quietly. He wanted to surprise the hunter. But then, what would he do?

Suddenly he heard a bird’s wings beating the dry grass. Ben moved quickly toward the sound.

He saw a colored head ... the head of a beautiful bird. The bird did not move until Ben came close. Then it tried to fly away, but one wing was broken.

Ben lifted the bird and held it close against his body. The bird fought to escape, but soon lay quietly in Ben’s arms.

Ben decided to take the bird home and fix its broken wings so that it could fly again.

He was almost out of the woods when he heard the hunter behind him.

“You just found that bird?” the hunter asked.

“Yes,” Ben answered.

“It is mine!”

Ben was afraid and tried to answer, but his mouth was too dry to speak. Nevertheless, he wetted his lips and said, “No.”

“I shot him and I say he is mine!”

“But he is not dead yet,” Ben answered, “and besides, anything on my land belongs to me.”

The hunter looked down at the little man and smiled. “Say, who are you?”

Ben’s voice shook with both fear and anger. “I own this land. There are signs everywhere that say, ‘No hunting’.”

“No need to get angry, mister,” the hunter said. “Control yourself.”

There was something threatening in the man’s cool quiet voice. And he had a gun. His arms were free and Ben’s were not.

The hunter stepped closer and said, “Give me that bird!”

Ben was white with anger. “No!” he answered. His eye glasses became wet and he had to look over the top of them to see the other man.

“Give me the bird and I will go away,” the hunter said.

“You get off my land,” Ben told him. “Get off right now...you do not belong here!”

The man’s face got red. “Mister,” he said, “I have been hunting here all my life. I grew up here.”

“That is a thing of the past,” Ben said. “I do not know who you are and I do not care. I own this place now and I am telling you to leave. You go back through the woods and get off my land!”

“Now look, mister,” the hunter said, “be reasonable.”

The hunter raised his gun.

A cold wind blew across Ben’s face. He looked into the hunter’s gray eyes. Ben was frightened. It was not too late, he thought. He could still give the bird to the hunter and return safely home...that would end this whole ugly business.

The bird struggled weakly and made a wild, strange noise.

Then Ben knew he could never give this bird to the hunter. This feeling gave Ben great strength, and he was no longer afraid.

“I will never let you kill this bird,” he said. “Get away from here. If you try to take this bird, I will fight...you have a gun and you are bigger, but that does not worry me. You will never get this bird...you will have to kill me first.”

The two men looked at each other. Ben’s fear returned. His knees began to shake and he felt sick. Yet he stood straight, wondering what would happen next.

They stood close to each other for a long time. The woods were strangely quiet. Then the hunter’s rough voice broke the silence.

“You are a fool.” And then to Ben’s surprise, he slowly walked away.

Ben watched until he was gone. His arms hurt, his body felt wet and cold.

67. Why did the hunter smile when saying “Say, who are you”?

A. He wanted to confirm Ben’s identity in a friendly way.

B. He was amused at Ben’s reply and interested in him.

C. He looked down on Ben and thought his reply ridiculous.

D. He meant to be friendly enough to get the bird from Ben.

68. What strengthened Ben’s determination never to give the bird to the hunter?

A. His strong dislike of the hunter.    B. His firm confidence in himself.

C. His ownership of this piece of land.   D. His concern and sympathy for the bird.

69. Why did the hunter remark that Ben was a fool at the end of the story?

A. Ben tried to protect a bird at all costs.

B. Ben pretended to be fearless although scared.

C. Ben stood close to him saying nothing for long.

D. Ben insisted on him leaving the land.

70. Which of the following best describes Ben’s state of mind in the incident?

A. Ben was willing to compromise.                B. Ben never thought of giving in.

C. Ben held out to the end.                                   D. Ben was sure about his victory.