问题 填空题

(10分)“温室效应”是全球关注的环境问题之一。CO2是目前大气中含量最高的一种温室气体。因此,控制和治理CO2是解决温室效应的有效途径。

(1)下列措施中,有利于降低大气中CO2浓度的有:        。(填字母)

a.减少化石燃料的使用           b.植树造林,增大植被面积

c.采用节能技术                 d.利用太阳能、风能

(2)将CO2转化成有机物可有效实现碳循环。CO2转化成有机物的例子很多,如:

a.6CO2 + 6H2OC6H12O6        b.CO2 + 3H2CH3OH +H2O

c.CO2 + CH4CH3COOH        d.2CO2 + 6H2CH2==CH2 + 4H2O

以上反应中,最节能的是            ,原子利用率最高的是           

(3)文献报道某课题组利用CO2催化氢化制甲烷的研究过程如下:

反应结束后,气体中检测到CH4和H2,滤液中检测到HCOOH,固体中检测到镍粉和Fe3O4

CH4、HCOOH、H2的产量和镍粉用量的关系如下图所示(仅改变镍粉用量,其他条件不变):

研究人员根据实验结果得出结论:

HCOOH是CO2转化为CH4的中间体, 即:CO2HCOOHCH4

①写出产生H2的反应方程式                                      

②由图可知,镍粉是      。(填字母)

a.反应的催化剂

b.反应的催化剂

c.反应的催化剂

d.不是催化剂

③当镍粉用量从1mmol增加到10mmol,反应速率的变化情况是         。(填字母)

a.反应Ⅰ的速率增加,反应Ⅱ的速率不变

b.反应Ⅰ的速率不变,反应Ⅱ的速率增加

c.反应ⅠⅡ的速率均不变

d.反应ⅠⅡ的速率均增加,且反应Ⅰ的速率增加得快

e.反应ⅠⅡ的速率均增加,且反应Ⅱ的速率增加得快

f.反应Ⅰ的速率减小,反应Ⅱ的速率增加

答案

(1)abcd

(2)a   c

(3)①3Fe+4H2OFe3O4+2H2      ②c   ③e

(1)CO2是超成温室效应的气体,a可以直接减少CO2的产生;b是植物吸收CO2的主要源泉;c在节约能量的同时也减少了CO2的排放;d使用其他不产生CO2。(2)节能即不需要外加能量,光合作用是来自自然界的能量;原子利用率高即不产生副产物;(3)密闭容器中给出了铁和水蒸汽,由此可以产生H2,即3Fe+4H2O Fe3O4+4H2,反应前后均有Ni粉,从图像看,随着镍粉的用量不同,曲线的走的趋势不同,即反应的快慢不同,满足催化剂的条件。从图像可以分析,随着Ni的加入,H2和CH4的量均是快速减小的,即反应速率是增加的,由于甲酸的减少量变化更快,则说明反应II速率更快。

填空题

短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词,并将其正确形式填写在答题卡相应题号的位置上,使短文意思正确通顺(每词限用一次)。(共10个小题,每小题1分;计10分)

One day, a student was talking with a professor (教授), who’s kind to those who waited on his  小题1: .    

As they went along, they saw a pair of old shoes 小题2:  on the path (小路), which, they supposed, belonged to a poor man working in a nearby field (田地). He had neatly finished his小题3:  work.

The student came to a stop, and said to the professor, “Let’s play a hoax on the man: we hide his shoes, hide ourselves and wait to see how 小题4: he would be when he finds that his shoes are   小题5: .”

“My friend,” answered the professor, “We should never enjoy ourselves while making the poor sad. Now you are rich, why not give yourself a much greater 小题6:   by helping the poor man? Put a coin into each shoe, hide ourselves and see what will happen to him.”

The student did so, and they both places themselves behind the nearby trees.

After finishing his work, the poor man came across the field to the path. Putting his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something unusual. He took off his shoes and stopped 小题7:  what it was and he found the coin.

He took out the coin, surprised, and looked at it    小题8: for a while. Then he looked around, but   小题9:was there. Then he started to put on the other shoe. He got much more surprises when he found the other coin.

The poor man then looked up into the sky and shouted “Thank You!” The student stood there with tears (眼泪) in his eyes. “Now,” said the professor, “Aren’t you more pleased than if you had played  小题10:   planned hoax?”

“You’ve taught me a lesson which I will never forget,” answered the student.

单项选择题