(2013·日照一模)—What has made John look like lacking sleep?

—________ he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night.

A．For

B．Because

C．That

D．What

所谓小说，就是一种综合运用语言艺术的各种表现方法，（），表现人物性格，并由此来达到反映社会生活目的的叙事文学样式。