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干泥土的比热容是3.0×103 J/（kg•℃），7kg干泥土从80℃降到60℃，放出的热量是______J．已知酒精的热值是3.0×107 J/kg，完全燃烧______g酒精恰好能放出这么多热量．

答案

（1）干泥土放出的热量：

Q放=cm△t=3.0×103J/（kg•℃）×7kg×（80℃-60℃）=4.2×105J；

（2）由题知：

Q放=m′q，

需要完全燃烧酒精的质量：

m′=

Q放
q
=
4.2×105J
3×107J/kg
=0.014kg=14g．

故答案为：4.2×105，14．

单项选择题

“究天人之际，通古今之变”这句话出自于？（）

A.《论语》

B.《春秋》

C.《尚书》

D.《史记》
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