问题 阅读理解与欣赏

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帆山子传

[清]袁枚

  真州有选人曰帆山子,姓员,名炖,字周南。帆山子,其别号也。性逋宕不羁。读经书悉通晓,卒不为先儒所囿。尝曰:“汉儒泥器而忘道,宋儒舍情以言性,皆误也。或下一令曰:途遇彼姝,平视者笞,受笞者必多;又下一令曰:归家能殴兄妹者赏,受赏者必少。何也?一情中所有,一情中所无也。善为学者,务究大义而顺人情以设教。”其持论快彻,大率类是。余每至邗江,必招与俱。帆山知余之好之也,扼腕而谈,汩汩如倾河。尤长于说往事,叙先贤遗迹。凡可喜可愕,可嗢噱绝倒者,腾其口抑扬而高下之,尽态极妍。

  身短而髯,圆面。终身布衣,家无担石,气象充充然,不类贫者。逡巡有耻,遇人无机心。假馆某某家,偶有不可于意,色斯举矣。居常不系袜,或戴道士冠,挂尘尾。几上罗列图书、珮环。椭挟零星,手自摹拭。见美男子则惵然意下,目往而足欲随,或尤之,笑曰:“吾何与哉?《易》称‘见金夫,不有躬’,圣人诏我矣。”其风趣如此。

  论曰:庄子有“人貌而天”之说,帆山子真气盎然,盖纯乎天者也。年七十四而终。闻临终预知死期,奉其祖父木主埋先人垅中,而以所玩器物尽贻朋好,拱手而逝。自称无方之民。其信然矣。其挚友江吟香素敦风义,有友五人,哀其无后,每逢寒食,辄具鸡黍纸钱,设位,祀之于江上之延生佛舍。帆山,其一也。盖即宋玉“招魂”、圣人“于我殡”之义。呜呼,仁哉!(选自《袁枚全集》,有删改)     

  [注]①嗢噱(wàjué):笑谈,笑话。②金夫:有钱有势的男子。

1.对下列句子中加粗词的解释,不正确的一项是(     )

A.其持论快——彻:透彻

B.叙先贤遗遗——迹:留下踪迹

C.圣人我矣——诏:教导

D.自称无之民无——方:不行礼仪

2.下列句子中,全都体现帆山子性格“不羁”的一组是(     )

①汉儒泥器而忘道,宋儒舍情以言性,皆误也

②扼腕而谈,汩汩如倾河

③腾其口抑扬而高下之

④逡巡有耻,遇人无机心

⑤居常不系袜,或戴道士冠,挂尘尾

⑥椭狭零星,手自摹拭

A.①②④

B.①③⑤

C.②④⑥

D.③⑤⑥

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(     )

A.在帆山子看来,命令人在路上不直视美貌女子,或者回到家里殴打自己的兄妹,都是不合人的性情的。

B.帆山子见到美男子就心慌意乱,眼睛盯着而脚像要跟着,他却风趣幽默地解释说自己合乎圣人之道。 C.文章结尾说帆山子有仁爱之心,故而在他死后,他的好朋友江吟香每逢寒食节就会在寺庙中设灵位祭祀他。

D.帆山子是一位隐士,为人豪放不羁而又自尊自爱,谈吐、举止都显示出他是一个“真气盎然”的人。 4.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)读经书悉通晓,卒不为先儒所囿。

译文:__________________________________________

(2)善为学者,务究大义而顺人情以设教。

译文:__________________________________________

(3)假馆某某家,偶有不可于意,色斯举矣。

译文:__________________________________________

答案

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.(1)帆山子读经书(古代经典)都能通晓(明白),终究不被(受)前代儒士观念束缚。

(2)善于学习的人,一定要推求(探究、探求)大道理而顺乎人的性情来实施教化。

(3)寄居在某人家时,偶尔有不如意(不适合心意),脸色就变得不好看了。

单项选择题

At the beginning of the twentieth century, North American society held, as an ideal, the Nuclear Family. This presumably perfect residential, social, and economic unit consisted of an adult male, an adult female and their minor children. This structure was thought to be stable and long lasting.
However, a few decades later, the structure of that ideal family was being altered radically even while it was being touted as the structure to be aimed for. Popular magazines bemoaned the loss of the Nuclear Family and its replacement with inferior forms.
There are a number of factors that are acting in concert to apply pressure on the Nuclear Family and generate a variety of new structures. Some of these are:
The definition of marriage has changed somewhat in that few people now consider it to last "until death do us part". The concept of monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman) has been modified to a form now referred to as serial monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman at a time). This reflects the increasing equality of women and men in terms of economic advantage and the recognition that many women no longer depend on men for their survival. Women are acquiring independence and have become empowered to make their own choices. With this independence, the need to form a relationship with a man becomes less important. This change embodies the concept that the marriage is temporary and can be terminated by either partner at any time. Associated with this, of course, is the relaxation of the divorce laws and the significant reduction of the shame that had one time been attached to divorce
The economy of North America has resulted in a two-tier system of a few rich who control most of the resources and a large portion of the population who control almost none of the resources. Because of this, many couples are forced to have both partners with full-time jobs outside the home. There are unintended byproducts of the need for a double income. The most important of these is the replacement of a mother-oriented socialization of children to a "stranger-oriented" socialization system reflected in the growth of the childcare industry. Also, either partner is financially able to end the marriage without significant hardship.
The combination of these changes will in the coming decades have a profound effect on the structure of the family of North America. As a result, the family will be a fluid, constantly changing structure with variable household arrangements as the norm.

The author’s purpose is to ______.

A.give the basic facts of marriage in North America

B.explain the reasons why the divorce rate is high in North America

C.introduce why both husband and wife have to work outside their home

D.give a picture of family structural change in North America

单项选择题