问题 填空题

(12分)进行胃部透视时,常在检查之前服用“钡餐”,其主要成分是硫酸钡。

(1)25℃时,已知胃液的pH在0.9—1.5之间,请问__   。(填“能”或“不能”)用碳酸钡代替硫酸钡作为“钡餐”使用,简述你做出判断的理由(用有关离子方程式解释)_                                           

(2)当人体中Ba2+ 浓度达到2×10-3mol·L-1时,就会对健康产生危害,若误将氯化钡当做食盐食用,请计算说明是否可以通过服用大量5%的硫酸钠溶液(约0.36mol·L-1)有效除去胃中的Ba2+。(25℃时,硫酸钡的溶度积常数Ksp=1.1×10-10

                                                                       

(3)环境监测某工厂废水中Ba2+的浓度。取废水50.00mL,控制适当的酸度加入足量的K2Cr2O7溶液,得BaCrO4沉淀;沉淀经洗涤、过滤后,用适量的稀盐酸溶解,此时CrO42-全部转化为Cr2O72-,再加入过量KI溶液,反应液中再滴加0.100mol·L-1Na2S2O3溶液,反应完全时,消耗Na2S2O3溶液36.00mL。已知有关的离子方程式为:

① Cr2O72-+6I-+14H+=2Cr3++3I2+7H2O;    ② I2+2S2O32-=2I-+S4O62-

试计算该工厂废水中Ba2+的物质的量浓度。

答案

阅读理解

One of the world’s richest men has taken a close interest in one of man’s most basic functions:visiting the toilet.Bill Gates’s charitable organization,the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,is looking for inventors to design the loo of the future,which,they hope,would improve sanitation for millions of people around the world.

So,what’s wrong with the traditional flush toilet?Firstly,it wastes a huge amount of potential drinking water.Secondly,they are more likely to cause pollution.This is a real problem in many areas of the developing world,where,according to United Nations estimates,unsafe sanitation causes half of all hospitalizations.Younger people are particularly at risk.Illnesses which cause diarrhea are responsible for the deaths of about 1.5 million children a year.Finally,standard lavatories simply aren’t practical in remote areas.

The challenge set by Bill Gates was to come up with a latrine which works without running water,electricity or aseptic tank.It also needed to operate for less than 5 cents.28 designs were displayed at the recent Reinvent the Toilet Fair,in Seattle,USA.Among them was one which turned human waste into electricity using microwaves,another which converted human waste into charcoal,and yet another which used urine for flushing.

But the winner was a solar­powered design which generated hydrogen gas and electricity. The team from the California Institute of Technology(CIT) picked up a prize of $100,000.

But clearly Bill Gates doesn’t feel he’s flushing money down the toilet.After the Seattle event he said,“We couldn’t be happier with the response we’ve gotten.” Gates has even pledged $370 million more to the future toilet project.They hope to field test more prototypes over the next three years.

小题1:Why is Bill Gates paying people to invent new toilets?

A.Because he wants to test people’s sense of creativity.

B.Because he wants to improve sanitation for many people.

C.Because he thinks the traditional ones are out of fashion.

D.Because he can’t design this kind of things himself.小题2:Which of the following is NOT a problem with the traditional flush toilet?

A.They waste too much water.

B.They might cause diseases.

C.They are not always practical.

D.They are too complicated to use.小题3:The underlined word “latrine” in the third paragraph might have similar meanings to the word “________” in the text.

A.loo

B.sanitation

C.diarrhea

D.prototype小题4:The team from CIT won the prize because their design ________.

A.can change human waste into electricity

B.can turn human waste into charcoal

C.can produce power with solar energy

D.can use urine for flushing

判断题