问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成后题。

  信与张耳以兵数万,欲东下井阱击赵。未至井陉口三十里,止舍。夜半传发,选轻骑二千人,人持一赤帜,从间道萆山而望赵军,诫曰:“赵见我走,必空壁逐我,若疾入赵壁,拔赵帜,立汉赤帜。”令其裨将传飧,曰:“今日破赵会食!”诸将皆莫信,佯应曰:“诺。”谓军吏曰:“赵已先据便地为壁,且彼未见吾大将旗鼓,未肯击前行,恐吾至阻险而还。”信乃使万人先行,出,背水陈。赵军望见而大笑。平旦,信建大将之旗鼓,鼓行出井陉口,赵开壁击之,大战良久。于是信、张耳佯弃鼓旗,走水上军。水上军开入之,复疾战。赵果空壁争汉鼓旗,逐韩信、张耳。韩信、张耳已入水上军,军皆殊死战,不可败。信所出奇兵二千骑,共候赵空壁逐利,则驰入赵壁,皆拔赵旗,立汉赤帜二千。赵军已不胜,不能得信等,欲还归壁,壁皆汉赤帜,而大惊,以为汉皆已得赵王将矣,兵遂乱,遁走。于是汉兵夹击,大破虏赵军。信乃令军中毋杀广武君,有能生得者购千金。于是有缚广武君而致戏下者,信乃解其缚,东乡坐,西乡对,师事之。

  诸将效首虏,毕贺,因问信曰:“兵法右倍山陵,前左水泽,今者 * * 令臣等反背水陈,曰破赵会食,臣等不服。然竟以胜,此何术也?”信曰:“此在兵法,顾诸君不察耳。兵法不曰'陷之死地而后生,置之亡地而后存?'且信非得素拊循士大夫也,此所谓'驱市人而战之',其势非置之死地,使人人自为战;今予之生地,皆走,宁尚可得而用之乎!”诸将皆服曰:“善。非臣所及也。”(选自[汉]司马迁《史记·淮阴侯列传》)

下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(     )

A.韩信先选轻骑持汉红旗隐蔽山上,乘机更换旗帜扰乱赵军军心;又背水布阵,迫使汉军殊死作战,置之死地而后生,取得胜利。

B.诸将对韩信反常规背水布阵,并说今日破赵会餐不信服,所以对他的命令阳奉阴违,胜利后经韩信解释,佩服不已。

C.赵军事先占据便利形势,看见汉军阵形后大笑轻敌,在韩信等佯弃鼓旗逃走后又空壁逐利,中计丢失军营,大乱而败。

D.井陉口之战,韩信能根据敌我双方的形势,活用兵法,取得胜利,所以,他虽没有兵书传世,仍可考察出他善用“变诈之兵”。

答案

B

问答题 简答题
单项选择题

Starting with his review of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information about the (1) instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2) .

This linguistic approach (3) the view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), but (4) rules that enable a speaker to (5) an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6) single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7) with the particular thing signified, but (8) all members of a general class.

This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9) into existing psychological frameworks and (10) a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles "intrinsic (原有的) to the mind" that provide invariant structures (11) perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12) all of these processes; thus its study (13) our theories of knowledge in general.

Basic to this model of language is the notion that a child’s learning of language is a kind of theory (14) . It’s thought to be accomplished (15) explicit instruction, (16) of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17) or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18) , the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broad (19) power. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20) it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.

16()

A.irrespective

B.independent

C.regardless

D.implausible