问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文言文,完成下面问题。

  万章问曰:“敢问友。”

  孟子曰:“不挟长,不挟贵,不挟兄弟而友。友也者,友其德也,不可以有挟也。孟献子,百乘之家也,有友五人焉:乐正裘、牧仲,其三人,则予忘之矣。献子之与此五人者友也,无献子之家者也。此五人者,亦有献子之家,则不与之友矣。非惟百乘之家为然也,虽小国之君亦有之。费惠公曰:‘吾于子思,则师之矣;吾于颜般,则友之矣;王顺、长息则事我者也。'非惟小国之君为然也,虽大国之君亦有之。晋平公之于亥唐也。’入云则入,坐云则坐,食云则食;虽蔬食菜羹,未尝不饱,盖不敢不饱也。然终于此而已矣。弗与共天位也,弗与治天职也,弗与食天禄也,士之尊贤者也,非王公之尊贤也。舜尚见帝,帝馆甥于贰室,亦飨舜,迭为宾主,是天子而友匹夫也。下敬上,谓之贵贵;用上敬下,谓之尊贤。贵贵尊贤,其义一也。”(《孟子·万章》)

  ①孟献子:鲁国大夫仲孙蔑。②费:春秋时小国, 旧地在今山东鱼台西南费亭。③亥唐:晋国人。晋平公时,朝中多贤臣, 但亥唐不愿为官,隐居穷巷,平公曾对他“致礼与相见面请事”,非访敬重。)④尚:同“上”。⑤甥:古时称妻子的父亲叫外舅,所以,女婿也称“甥”,舜是尧帝的女婿。⑥用:以

1.下面对加粗字解释不正确的一项是(     )

A.非惟百乘之家为也       然:这样

B.王顺、长息则我者也。     事:求我办事

C.虽食菜羹,未尝不饱      蔬:通“疏”,粗糙

D.亦舜,迭为宾主        飨:给……吃东西

2.下面几组句子加粗词意义相同的一组是(     )

A.三人,则予忘之矣    吾时虽能记忆,亦未知言之悲也

B.则不与友矣       秦人不睱自哀,而后人哀

C.小国之君亦有之     盛衰之理,曰天命,岂非人事哉

D.吾子思,则师之矣    负栋之柱,多南亩之农夫

3.下列句式与其他三项不同的一项是(     )

A.孟献子,百乘之家也

B.王顺、长息则事我者也

C.入云则入,坐云则坐,食云则食

D.是天子而友匹夫也

4.下面对原文理解不正确的一项是(     )

A.晋平公对亥唐以朋友之道对之,亥唐粗茶淡饭招待他,他也一定吃饱。

B.费惠公和子思、颜般、王顺、长息等人的关系不同,对他们的态度也不同。

C.孟献子与乐正裘、牧仲等五人做朋友,就抛弃了自己的家。

D.尧与舜是翁婿关系。但他们日常相处也像朋友一样,经常互相招待。

5.翻译下面句子。

(1)友也者,友其德也,不可以有挟也。

 _____________________________________________

(2)用敬上,谓之贵贵;用上敬下,谓之尊贤。贵贵尊贤,其义一也。

 _____________________________________________

6.谈谈你对孟子所说的交友之道的理解。

 _____________________________________________

答案

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.C

5.(1)不倚仗年龄大,不倚仗地位高,不倚仗兄弟的势力去交朋友。交朋友,交的是品德,不能够有什么倚仗。

(2)地位低下的人尊敬地位高贵的人,这叫尊敬贵人;地位高贵的人尊敬地位低下的人,这叫尊敬贤人。尊敬贵人和尊敬贤人,道理都是一样的。

6.友情要纯洁,不可以掺杂金钱、地位等利害关系的因素在内。孟子在这里所说的“友其德”指交朋友是为了结交道德,辅助自己的德行。而不要友其财、色、权、利、势。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The suitable clothes can make men handsome and make women attractive, so more and more people

spend much money on clothes.

     Thanks to the fashion designers, many different styles of clothes appear every day. If you go to a big

store or walk on the street, you'll find many fashionable clothes easily.

     Of course everyone has his or her own way of dressing. Perhaps the most popular clothes are casual

ones. They're made of cotton and there are many types of designs. They feel comfortable, so men and

women as well as the young and the old enjoy wearing them. Some casual clothes don't need dry-cleaning,

so they can save us money.

    Not everyone can wear casual clothes at any time and any place. Some people have to wear uniforms

when they're at work such as police officers, soldiers, firefighters and pilots. Uniforms can not only protect

them but also show good discipline.

    It doesn't matter what kinds of clothes you wear. It's important for everyone to dress neatly and

suitable (合适地).

1. More and more people spend much money on clothes because _________.

A. they want to have a fashion show

B. the suitable clothes can make people look nice

C. the clothes become more and more expensive

D. they have much money

2. We can find fashionable clothes easily _________.

A. in the countryside

B. in the small town

C. in a big store or on the street

D. at school

3. Which kind of clothes are the most popular according to the passage?

A. Uniforms.

B. Casual clothes.

C. Fashionable clothes.

D. Dry-cleaned clothes.

4.—Who usually wears uniforms at work? 

   —_________.

A. Old men.

B. Teachers, farmers and customers.

C. Young people.

D. Police officers, pilots, soldiers and fire fighters.

5. From the passage, we know _________.

A. casual clothes need dry, cleaning

B. people can wear casual clothes at any time and any place

C. people should dress properly on every occasion

D. only old people like casual clothes

单项选择题