问题 问答题

为了“比较不同物质的吸热本领”,小红用两套图的装置,设计了下述实验步骤:

(1)在两个同样的烧杯中,分别装入等体积的水和煤油;

(2)用温度计分别出水和煤油的初温;

(3)分别用相同的酒精灯,加热相同的时间;

(4)用温度计分别测出水和煤油的末温.

小丽认为实验步骤(1)存在错误,应改为:______;在实验步骤(3)中,加热时间相同是为了使水和煤油______;实验步骤(2)和(4)是为了得到水和煤油升高的______.纠正错误后,小红和小丽完成了实验,并记录了实验测量的数据以及老师帮助他们求得的有关数据.分析表格中第3行与第6行的数据可初步得出的结论是:______.

物质质量m/kg初温t0/℃

 

末温t/℃

 

吸收热量Q/J

 

0.0520251050
0.0520302100
0.1020304200
煤油0.0522321050
煤油0.0522422100
煤油0.1022424200

答案

要研究不同物质的吸热本领,根据控制变量法的思路,就要控制两者的质量相等,升高的温度相同,只让两者物质的种类不同.

题目中告诉的等体积的水和煤油,没有保证两者的质量相等,所以这里存在错误.

由于使用的是相同的加热器,表示在相同的时间内放出的热量相等,即物体吸收的热量相等,在(3)加热相同的时间是为了保证水和煤油吸收的热量相等.

通过测量物体原来的温度和现在的温度,从而可得到水和煤油升高的温度.

在对第三次和第六次的两次数据进行比较:两种物质水和煤油,质量相等,吸收的热量相等,但升高的温度不同,煤油升高的多.

由此可以总结出如下结论:质量相等的水和煤油吸收相等的热量时,煤油升高的温度较大.

故答案为:质量相等的水和煤油;吸收相同的热量;温度;质量相等的水和煤油吸收相等的热量时,煤油升高的温度较大.

单项选择题
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第Ⅱ卷(35分)
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第五部分  任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读的内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填一个单词。
If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.
1. Always start the meeting on time If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects the skill as an effective time manager and sets an example for others to follow.
2. Select a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audio-taped You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well.
3. Learn to listen So many times we think we are going to say and, in the process, block out important points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listen to other people. Meetings that are characterized by effective listening are successful meetings.
4. Keep the discussion on track Many times important issues can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If an unexpected conflict develops once the meeting is in progress, either appoint a subcommittee to look into the problem, or ask the participants involved in the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize (减少) the chances of wasting participants’ time of great value.
5. Give everyone an opportunity to be heard Some people tend to control meetings, whereas others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to keep an open mind and make sure everyone feels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism.
6. End on time If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the meeting lasts for only one hour. Running late with a meeting makes members late for other appointments, increases the chances that the members will mentally leave the meeting and reduces your reliability as an effective meeting manager.
1.    ▲      on how to manage a meeting
Rules
Reasons
Start the meeting on time.
2.   ▲     the skill and set an example.
Select a note-taker or 3.   ▲     the meeting.
Need to refer to an issue 4.   ▲   
Learn to listen.
Listen 5.    ▲     to make sure it is a successful meeting.
Keep the 6.   ▲     on track
Minimize the chances of wasting participants’ 7.   ▲     time.
Give everyone an 8.   ▲     to be heard
Make everyone feel 9.   ▲     to speak.
End on time.
10.   ▲     your reliability.